MAN FROM THE FARTHEST PAST 
western European, a condition due perhaps in part to the 
fact that with bigger bodies go larger brains. But an- 
other explanation suggests itself. The intensely hard 
conditions of life during the Old Stone Age must con- 
stantly have weeded out the less intelligent individuals, - 
particularly during their younger years. Probably only 
the very fittest, both in mind and in body, survived to 
become the fathers and mothers of the next generation. 
The human remains assigned to the Magdalenian epoch 
include the parts of two skeletons found near La Madeleine 
(Dordogne), the site which gave the culture its name, and 
a single skeleton, that of an adult male, found at Laugerie- 
Basse, a great rock-shelter on the Vézére, by Massénat in 
1872, under nearly ten feet of deposits containing Paleo- 
lithic hearths. 
In the rock-shelter of Raymonden, in the commune of 
Chancelade (Dordogne), MM. Hardy and Feéaux, in 1888, 
found a nearly complete skeleton of a man between fifty 
and sixty years of age, and about five feet in height. It 
lay doubled tightly up, and had probably been buried in 
that position, perhaps swathed about with bandages. 
This Magdalenian man of Chancelade had a large brain 
quite of modern size, a high and rather narrow skull, a 
long straight nose, broad face, powerful jaw, and strong 
chin. Except for his short stature we should find him a 
well-built man with strong features. Both this and the 
preceding example, that from Laugerie-Basse, differ from 
the typical Cro-Magnon in displaying greater height of 
face. In this trait, they have been thought to resemble 
some of the eastern Eskimo of today. 
Again, two well-preserved skeletons of a man and a 
woman were found in 1914 by workmen at Obercassel, 
near Bonn, on the Rhine. They lay at a depth of about 
twenty-five feet, protected by large, flat stones. Here, 
as elsewhere, the bones were stained with red ocher and 
were associated with bone implements bearing the incised 
decorations characteristic of Magdalenian art. This has 
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