NEANDERTHAL MAN 
The bones of the arm, the pelvis, and the femur, or long 
bone of the leg, differ markedly from those of the average 
present-day man. Certain distinctive features of the 
femur, indeed, could not be duplicated today collectively; 
in some instances, not even individually. Thus, among 
other differences: The head is larger and more globular 
than in modern man; the neck is stout and rather short, 
and the angle it forms with the shaft is less oblique than 
in most recent femora; the connecting bridge of bone 
between the great trochanter and the neck is stouter 
than in most recent bones; and the trochanteric fossa 
is larger than in modern man. These are but a few of 
the many differences too technical for this discussion. 
Some of these may be observed in Figure 10, in which the 
Neanderthaloid femur is compared with those of a mod- 
ern Frenchman and of a gorilla. 
The bones of the Neanderthal skeleton in eenecal in- 
dicate a powerful musculature and a broad and strong 
chest, combined with a somewhat submedium stature. 
As years have gone by since the discovery of the skele- 
ton at Neanderthal, many other remains of similar men, 
with retreating chins, low, beetling brows, and powerful 
frames, have been found in various parts of Europe and 
Asia. Almost a score of important recoveries of this 
nature have already (1929) come to light. The prin- 
cipal ones found thus far are dealt with by Hrdlicka in 
the order which follows. 
THe (GIBRALTAR SKULL 
The celebrated Gibraltar skull was discovered as early 
as 1848, therefore eight years before the Neanderthal 
cranium made its appearance, in the Forbes Quarry 
situated on the north front of the Rock of Gibraltar. It 
was dug out of a terrace on the north face of the rock 
from a formation of solidified breccia consisting of weath- 
ering of the limestone cliff and fine wind-blown sand. 
The part of the terrace where the cranium lay was 
[89] 
