NEANDERTHAL MAN 
portance to anthropology that they deserve all possible 
attention. The vault of skull No. 1 and the skeletal 
parts of both individuals are thoroughly Neanderthal in 
character; but the jaws, teeth, and the vault of skull No. 2 
represent nothing less than a bridge from the Neanderthal 
type of man to the recent. 
The Spy find is without question the most important 
ever made in relation to the problem of transition from 
the Neanderthal to the more modern forms of man. Here 
in practically one grave, certainly at the same level and 
under the same associations, are found two skeletons, one 
of which in many respects is still typically Neanderthal; 
but the jaws and the teeth of this skeleton, and the skull 
of the second subject are far in advance of the Neander- 
thal stage and correspondingly nearer to modern man. 
No better demonstration could have been furnished, or 
could reasonably be wished for, of the transitional poten- 
tialities among the later Neanderthal representatives, to 
which the skeletons evidently belong, toward the modern 
human type.’ 
In Spy skull No. 1, the characteristic Neanderthaloid 
features—retreating forehead, heavy brows, large eye 
sockets, protruding jaws, retreating chin, and pronounced 
backward elongation of the cranium—are very plain in 
the profile (Plate 34). 
Tue Diztuviat Man oF KRAPINA 
One of the most important finds of the skeletal remains 
of Quaternary man is unquestionably that of the Krapina 
shelter, near Zagreb, in northern Croatia. The discovery 
comprises a whole series of human bones of well-deter- 
mined geological age, and the remains were not recovered 
1There exists a difference of opinion among anthropologists on the relationship 
between Neanderthal and modern man. While Doctor Hrdlicka is convinced that 
Homo sapiens developed gradually from Neanderthal man, other authorities believe 
that the Neanderthalers were a distinct species who died out leaving no descendants, 
while modern man sprang from some other rootstock outside of Europe and eventually 
spread there to take the place of Neanderthal man. 
{ 103] 
