NEANDERTHAL MAN 
thickness from top to base. The initial work showed ashes, 
charcoal, burnt sand, and rejects of stone industry, stone 
implements, and a human molar. 
The excavations proper, after a determination of nine 
distinct cultural layers, were begun from the top and carried 
very carefully downward. They proved from the start 
very fruitful, giving many bones of Quaternary animals, 
many rejects of stone industry with some implements, a 
portion of a human maxilla, eighty loose teeth, and many 
pieces of skulls, lower jaws, and other parts of skeletons. 
From 1900 to 1905 the painstaking exploration of the 
shelter was carried on, partly by Gorjanovi¢é-Kramberger, 
partly by S. Osterman and D. Galijan, his assistants, 
until the deposits were exhausted. * 
Notwithstanding the presence of numerous cultural 
layers and the evidently long-continued use and occupa- 
tion of the shelter, the whole represented apparently but 
one extended cultural period, and this during a fairly 
warm interglacial time. The fauna is not that of a cold 
climate. It consists, aside from a few snails, birds, and a 
turtle, of the following: 
Merck’s rhinoceros (frequent) Dormouse 
Cave bear (frequent) Marmot 
Wild bull (frequent) Hamster 
Beaver (fairly frequent) Horse 
Wolf Wild boar 
Brown bear Stag 
Wild cat Roebuck 
Marten Giant deer 
Otter 
There were no traces of the mammoth or of the woolly 
rhinoceros. The remains found represent either com- 
pletely extinct forms or forms not hitherto known from 
Croatia or known only from diluvial times. As a whole 
the fauna resembles closely that of the diluvial station 
of Taubach, Germany. 
The total number of worked stones recovered from the 
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