NEANDERTHAL MAN 
It was in this layer or pocket, which lay about ten feet 
below the “Pariser,” that workmen began to discover in 
April, 1914, various fossil animal bones and some worked 
flints; and it was here that on May 8, 1914, after a blast, 
there appeared, besides some animal bones, fragments of 
~an adult human lower jaw which had been freed and 
partly shattered by the blast. Nearby were bones of 
various Quaternary animals identified later as a Merck’s 
rhinoceros, a cave bear, an ox, a horse, and a deer; also 
some bones that had been partly burned, some charcoal, 
and numerous flints showing human work. 
Fortunately the value of the find was promptly recog- 
nized, and the pieces of the jaw were most carefully gath- 
ered by Herr Haubold, the overseer, with the aid of Herr 
Lindig, the able curator of the Weimar City Museum. 
The specimen was then most painstakingly repaired by 
Herr Lindig and not long after turned over to Gustav 
Schwalbe for study. Basing his opinion on its form and 
association, Schwalbe considered the specimen to be a 
very valuable one and referred it to the earlier period of 
Neanderthal man. 
After Schwalbe’s death a more complete study of the 
jaw was undertaken by Hans Virchow, and its descrip- 
tion forms the main part of his masterly memoir on the 
human skeletal remains of Ehringsdorf. While Virchow 
was engaged in this study, however, there came to light, 
on November 2, 1916, under similar circumstances and 
from about the same hortzon but about eighty feet to 
the right and inclosed in rock, portions of the skeleton 
of a child about ten years old. The specimen was badly 
damaged through the blast, but thanks once more to the 
most careful efforts of the quarrymen and Herr Lindig, 
all that could possibly be saved was secured and taken 
to the Weimar Museum. The parts consisted of six right 
and five left ribs, two vertebrae, the epistropheus, the 
right pelvic bone, half of the right humerus, part of the 
lower jaw, and five teeth from the maxilla. The thoracic 
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