NEANDERTHAL MAN 
flint, some fragments of ocher, broken animal bones, etc., 
much as in the rest of the archeological stratum above 
the skeleton. To the right of the fossa containing the 
skeleton were many large fragments of various animal 
bones, jaws, and vertebrae of the reindeer, and verte- 
brae of a large ox or bison, with some very well-made 
implements of flint. The last-named vertebrae and the 
flint implements were covered by two large blocks of stone; 
above these stones, at the side wall of the cave, the earth 
showed the effects of fire, but it was not possible to de- 
termine whether this was of the same date as the deposits 
or the human burial beneath. There was no indication 
that the deposits in the cave had been moved in any way 
since the burial of the human body. 
On taking out the human bones, it was found that 
through decay or other causes many were defective and 
that some parts of the skeleton were lost. What remained 
comprised the skull, almost complete, with the lower jaw; 
twenty-one vertebrae or pieces of them; twenty ribs or 
their fragments; an incomplete left clavicle; the two 
humeri, almost complete; the two radii and the two ulnae, 
all more or less defective; a few bones of the hands and 
feet; portions of the pelvic bones; fragments of the right 
femur (from which it is possible to reconstruct the bone) 
and the lower half of the left femur; the two patellae; and 
parts of the tibiae. 
The state of preservation of the specimens is exactly 
like that of the animal bones recovered from the deposits 
about the burial fossa. They are ferruginous in color, 
heavier than any corresponding recent human bones, and 
very perceptibly mineralized. 
The skull, except for the sexual differences, comes close 
in many respects to that of Gibraltar; it is also closely 
related to that of Neanderthal; but, except for the vault 
of No. 1, itis distinctly more primitive than the Spy crania, 
particularly in its facial portions and the lower jaw. 
The characteristics that strike one most forcibly at 
pare 
