NEANDERTHAL MAN 
From its top to the base it was possible to identify the 
following horizons: 
1. Upper Aurignacian 
2. Middle Aurignacian 
3. Lower Aurignacian 
4. Mousterian 
5. Acheulian 
After the Middle Aurignacian the roof of the shelter 
fell down, and on the rocks and between them accumu- 
lated the débris of the Upper Aurignacian. Above this, 
reaching to the surface, was a layer of over twelve feet 
of humus and gravel. 
The first skeleton was discovered by M. Peyrony in 
the lower part of the Mousterian deposits. The explorer, 
with Professor Capitan and another companion, removed 
just enough of the bones to satisfy themselves that they 
were human and then notified Professors Boule, Car- 
tailhac, and Breuil, besides several local prehistorians, 
of the find; and it was in the presence of these, on Sep- 
tember 27, that the skeleton was carefully uncovered and 
disengaged from its deposits (Plate 39 A). 
The several cultural layers of the shelter were easily 
distinguished at sight, owing to their different coloration, 
and definitely so by their fauna and industry. The 
Mousterian layer, besides its characteristic stone indus- 
try, yielded an abundance of the bones of the bison, the 
stag, and the horse, with occasional parts of other later 
Quaternary animals. 
As the explorers removed the upper layers and most of 
the Mousterian deposit, they found three flat stones, 
placed one above the skull and the two others over the 
shoulders or chest of the skeleton. Over the whole space 
inclosing the skeleton the deposits contained a consid- 
erably greater number of large fragments of animal 
bones than were found elsewhere. A piece of a bone 
lying just above the skeleton shows a series of fine inten- 
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