NEANDERTHAL MAN 
Prof. Marcellin Boule has concisely summed up the 
anatomical peculiarities of Neanderthal man as follows 
(Plate 42): 
Body of short stature, but very massive. Head very large, with 
facial region much developed in comparison with cerebral region. 
Cephalic index medium. Skull much flattened; orbital arches enor- 
end 
aoa = — = on, 
= 
Fic. 23. Modern (left) and Neanderthaler (right) head forms compared. The 
Gibraltar skull was used as a basis for the drawing of the Neanderthal type, a 
lower jaw being modeled from one of those found at Spy. Modified from Keith 
mous, forming a continuous ridge; forehead very receding; occiput 
protuberant and compressed in a vertical direction. 
Face long and projecting, with flat and receding malar bones, upper 
jaw lacking canine fossae and forming a kind of muzzle. Orbits very 
large and round. Nose prominent and very large. Subnasal space 
extensive. 
Lower jaw strong and chinless, with large ascending rami, and 
truncated in the region of the angle. Dentition massive, structure 
of back molars retaining certain primitive characters. 
Vertebral column and limb bones showing numerous simian char- 
acters and indicating a less perfect bipedal or upright carriage than 
in modern man. Legs very short. 
Brain capacity averaging about 1,450 cubic centimeters. Brain 
formation presenting numerous primitive or simian characters, espe- 
cially in the relatively great reduction of the frontal lobes and the 
general pattern of the convolutions. 
[132 | 
