THE MOST ANCIENT REMAINS OF MAN 
The work having been brought to an end that year on account of 
the setting in of the rainy season, it was taken up again at the begin- 
ning of the dry season in May, 1892. A new cutting was now made 
in the left rocky bank, which comprised the still unfinished part of 
the old excavation. Thereby bones were again found in great num- 
bers, especially in the deeper beds; and among these, again in the 
same level of the lapilli bed, which had contained the skull-cap and 
the molar tooth, the left femur was found in August, at a distance of 
about 15 metres from the former; and at last, in October a second 
molar, at a distance of 3 metres at the most from the place where the 
skull-cap was discovered, and in the direction of the place where the 
femur had been dug out. This tooth I did not describe, because I 
only found it later among a collection of teeth derived from the place 
stated above. | 
Thus altogether Doctor Dubois’s finds, eventually at- 
tributed by him to Pithecanthropus, comprise a lower jaw, 
two molar teeth, a skullcap, and a femur. With these is 
associated another tooth, a premolar, discovered in the 
Trinil deposits several years later. 
Toward the end of the year 1895, Doctor Dubois re- 
turned to Europe. His discovery was universally ac- 
knowledged as one of great importance; but his views were 
soon combated. The case presented two main problems. 
The first was the question whether the several parts, 7.c., 
the skull, the two teeth, and the femur, belonged to the 
same individual or at least to the same form; the other, 
that of the identification of this form. 
Dubois believed, as has been seen, that all four speci- 
mens, namely the skull, the two teeth, and the femur, be- 
longed to one stratum, one age, and one individual, a 
female Pithecanthropus erectus. To this there were soon 
many objections, and for several years the question was 
debated, not wholly without bitterness. Of some of its 
later aspects Doctor Hrdlicka speaks as follows: 
In the summer of 1923, the writer visited Europe in 
the temporary réle of Director of the American School 
for Prehistoric Studies in Europe. The first visit was to 
Professor Smith Woodward at the British Museum of 
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