THE MOST ANCIENT REMAINS OF MAN 
The sparse data about the Rhodesian find left a desire 
for more details about the position of the skull, about its 
surroundings, about the cave itself and its fillings, about 
the nature of the animal bones in the cave, about the 
general region in which the “broken hill” with its cave 
existed, and about other possible remains, as well as the 
native types of the territory. The skull was so remarkable 
that every view of it and every further word published 
upon it served only to intensify the feeling of need for 
more complete answers to the above questions. It was 
this motive, together with the recent discovery of the skull 
of a highly interesting anthropoid ape near Taungs, 
Bechuanaland, that induced the writer to extend his late 
journey to South Africa. 
Upon arrival at Broken Hill the writer was rather 
astonished to find the whole region for many miles in 
every direction to bea great, level, loosely forested plateau, 
barren of hills with one slight exception. This exception 
is a small “‘kopje”’ situated near the railway tracks as one 
nears the Broken Hill mine and settlement. This little 
hill, only about ninety feet high, is said to resemble closely 
the former “broken’’ hill which gave us the Rhodesian 
man and which has now, through mining, been removed. 
The plateau of the town of Broken Hill is 3,874 feet 
above sea level. Up to the time of the commencement of 
mining operations it was a part of a vast, featureless, more 
or less openly forested region. But the minerals in the 
two “‘kopjes’”—lead and zinc—may have been known to 
the natives in earlier times. At all events, in digging 
ditches and in other surface excavations about the mines 
and in the town, there are being found, buried up to eight 
feet in depth from the present surface, old primitive native 
smelters, with here and there some Negro pottery, indi- 
cating probably former burials. 
_ The “broken” kopje consisted of hard dolomitic lime- 
stone impregnated with lead, zinc salts, and vanadium. 
It was originally full of crevices and holes, and as shown 
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