MAN FROM THE FARTHEST PAST 
efforts to unite the Indian race against the whites proved 
useless. 
And so with disease; only the most enlightened peoples 
deal with its prevention and cure along scientific lines. 
Everywhere else, even to- 
day, it is the medicine 
man and the witch doc- 
tor, with their drums and 
their charms and _ their 
incantations, who are 
called upon in case of 
sickness. 
From bad habits, as we 
understand them, early 
man seems to have been 
comparatively free. These 
have come largely with a 
higher civilization, with 
increasing knowledge of 
the various processes by 
3 which nature may be con- 
Fic. 35. African witch doctor or medicine trolled. Alcoholic drinks 
many wetung mack ond evr pwrrhe of any sort, for example, 
were discovered only com- 
paratively late in man’s history, toward the close of the 
prehistoric period. And even then, at first, man knew 
none but comparatively mild fermented beverages. He 
made these from various substances, such as honey, grain, 
and the juice of different fruits, especially grapes. They 
were thus analogous to the “‘light wines and beer” of which 
so much has been heard in recent years in connection with 
the prohibition controversy. 
Moreover their use was for long almost wholly confined 
to ceremonial and sacramental occasions. Primitive man 
thought that they were imbued with a mysterious divine 
influence which they could impart to the worshiper. The 
expression “to drink to one’s health” contains a last linger- 
[178 ] 
