MAN FROM THE FARTHEST PAST 
lowest of existing or recent savages have probably known 
far more of the arts of primitive life than he. 
A considerable improvement in the making and a much 
greater variety in the forms of its flint implements marked 
the period. In all there have been distinguished seven or 
eight types, each apparently adapted primarily to some 
one particular purpose, though not a few seem to have been 
“combination tools.” The uses to which they were put 
included cutting, scraping, piercing, and boring (Fig. 40). 
The Chellean continued in the main a core and not a flake 
industry, although occasionally the flakes knocked off 
from the cores of pebbles were themselves shaped into 
Fic. 40. Chellean flint tools for cutting, scraping, piercing, and boring. After 
Commont and Obermaier 
tools or weapons. The uniformity displayed by these im- 
plements over large areas shows that as various improve- 
ments developed they gradually spread far and wide, from 
one nomadic hunting group to another. Possibly, too, 
even then race and culture were not coextensive, any more 
than they are today. That is, two or more races may have 
used the same types of flint implements; or, on the other 
hand, branches of one and the same race may have had 
different “industries.” Thus it is not impossible that 
both the Piltdown race and that of Heidelberg possessed 
the Chellean form of culture, though it may be that 
Heidelberg man was pre- Mousterian. More than one in- 
vestigator has come to look upon the Neanderthal race, 
with its Mousterian type of culture, as descended from 
him, and he seems to have lived in central Europe where 
the pre-Mousterian culture has been found. 
[ 186]. 
