THE OLD STONE AGE 
headed or broad-skulled element, coming apparently from 
Asia, was just beginning to appear here and there in west- 
ern Europe at the very end of the Old Stone Age. 
After the Aurignacian culture in most of Europe, as we 
know, came first the Solutrean and then the Magdalenian. 
In Spain, however, the two latter cultures appear only in 
the extreme north. In the rest of the peninsula matters 
took a different course. Somewhere about the close of 
the Aurignacian epoch in Europe, the Lower Capsian of 
northern Africa developed into the Upper Capsian, dis- 
tinguished by its very small stone implements of geometri- 
cal shapes, its large bone needles, and its curved blades 
made from the shells of ostrich eggs. This Upper or Late 
Capsian spread over into southern and eastern Spain, 
where it succeeded the Spanish Aurignacian and flour- 
ished during the same period as did the Solutrean and the 
Magdalenian farther north. 
The Upper Capsian seems to have brought with it a 
realistic and very animated style of art, in many respects 
strikingly like some of that which has been found in vari- 
ous parts of Africa in very recent years. It differed from 
the Upper Paleolithic art of the rest of western Europe in 
attaching great prominence to representations of human 
beings, and from these we can learn a good deal about 
_the dress and weapons and the customs of the time. The 
men went about practically naked, although occasionally 
they are shown with what appear to be short breeches or 
trunks. They also sometimes wear fringed bands just 
below the knee and around the arms, as well as tall head- 
dresses, apparently of feathers. Figures of women occur 
very rarely, and are almost invariably clad in rather long 
skirts, no doubt of buckskin. 
The male figures frequently carry bows and arrows 
(Fig. 62), giving us the first indisputable evidence of the 
existence of that weapon, which was destined to play 
such an important part in the future history of mankind. 
Certain jackal-like animals portrayed in the rock-shelter 
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