MAN FROM THE FARTHEST PAST 
For the early rulers were priests and medicine men, that is, 
powerful magicians, as well as kings. We find them some- 
times even regarded as gods, or sons of a god, and so too 
holy to set foot on the ground. Before carts were known 
Fic. 75. South African 
Bushman. woman’s 
digging stick, weighted 
with a perforated 
stone. After Ratzel 
he used the digging-stick, a pointed 
implement sometimes weighted with 
attendants carried such rulers about in 
litters, both in the Old World and the 
New. Their presence was necessary at 
battles in order to insure good fortune 
to their own side. Their subjects did not 
expect them to take active part in the 
fighting, but to devote themselves to 
beating a drum or otherwise “making 
medicine,” just as Tecumseh’s brother, 
the Prophet, did at the battle of Tippe- 
canoe already mentioned. The modern 
descendant of the primitive witch doc- 
tor’s drum still remains part of the 
paraphernalia of war and until very 
recently was actually carried into battle. 
Man of the New 
Stone Age took a 
great step forward 
when he yoked his 
animals to a plow. 
In carrying on the 
rudimentary agri- 
culture of the early 
Neolithic Period, 
stone, for turning up the soil (Fig. 
Fic. 76. Ancient Egyp- 
75), and a crude hoe, at first merely ea kate gee 
a forked branch, but later equipped Petrie 
with a blade of stone, shell, or bone. 
Because of the superficial resemblances in shape be- 
tween the hoes (Fig. 76) and the plows shown on the 
Egyptian monuments, people have deduced that the plow 
[258] 
