MAN FROM THE FARTHEST PAST 
totem poles of the Northwest Coast, will be left after the 
lapse of a few centuries? Hence, concerning the art of the 
New Stone Age in such regions as Europe, western Asia, 
and China, which left that stage of civilization behind 
Fic. 83. Reconstruction of group of Swiss lake dwellings built out over the 
water on piles. After Schmidt 
several thousand years ago, we can know only the com- 
paratively little executed in such exceptionally durable 
materials as stone, ivory, or baked clay. 
Real architecture first appeared during this same Neo- 
lithic phase of man’s development. Men then learned to 
build not mere windbreaks or even huts, but groups of 
substantial timber houses with walls of bark or wattle- 
work daubed with clay. For defense, they built their 
villages over the water (Fig. 83) or surrounded them with 
strong stockades made of logs set on end, side by side, in 
the earth. They also began to erect earthworks of various 
sorts—foundation platforms for temples and other im- 
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