THE AGE OF BRONZE 
earlier and developed much faster. This transitional 
period from the use of stone to that of bronze is some- 
times called the Chalcolithic, from the Greek words for 
“copper “and. stone.) Only : very slowly did conserva- 
tive man give up stone tools and weapons in favor of those 
made of metal, and for a long time he used both together, 
just as today we see the horse and wagon still employed 
side by side with the motor truck. 
Mining began long before the use of metals. Even back 
in the Old Stone Age man dug for suitable lumps of flint 
out of which to shape his various tools and implements. 
During the New Stone Age he went much further, and 
learned to sink regular shafts and tunnels in the chalk 
deposits where flint occurs, using as his chief tool a pick 
made of a deer’s antler with one tine or prong left on. 
Examples, of 
these primitive 
ancestors of the 
modern pickax 
are not uncom- 
mon in ancient 
workings (Fig. 
84). The devel- 
opment of min- 
ing for metals, Fic. 84. Pick made of deerhorn, used by flint miners in 
once man _ had the New Stone Age. From Grime’s Graves, Norfolk, 
realized that ams 
they, too, could be obtained from the ground, presented 
therefore no difficulties, and we find ancient mines and 
heaps of slag in various parts of the world, to bear witness 
to the activities of the primitive miner and metal worker. 
At first man classed the new material as a kind of stone, 
as the earliest implements of copper, especially the axes 
and daggers, clearly show; for long after they had come 
not merely to be hammered out cold, but actually cast in 
simple molds, they still kept the shapes of their stone 
predecessors. 
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