24 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920. 



used by the United States Army for powder bags for loading the 

 large gnns, and samples of the same material adapted for civilian use. 

 Of enemy material the Ordnance Department transmitted a large 

 and interesting collection of German and Austrian equipment cap- 

 tured by the American Expeditionary Forces. This included field 

 guns of 77 mm., 105 mm., 135 mm., 180 mm., and 210 mm. caliber 

 respectively, an anti-aircraft cannon of 88 mm. caliber on a very 

 heavy crude wooden carriage said to be the first type of such mount 

 used by the Germans; of machine guns, the heavy Maxim on sled 

 mount, the light Maxim on tripod, the light Maxim on anti-aircraft 

 mount with circular track, the Dreyse gun, light and heavy aircraft, 

 the Austrian Schwarzlose and two anti-tank guns; field kitchen 

 with two-wheeled cart, Eed Cross ambulance, Red Cross wagon, 

 blacksmith's wagon, demolition wagon, road repair wagon, various 

 other vehicles, and miscellaneous German commissary, infantry, 

 artillery, cavalry, and signal equipment, some made of paper. 



From the Chemical Warfare Service came offensive and defensive 

 equipment used in the chemical warfare by both the armies of the 

 Allied and enemy countries, including gas, smoke and incendiary 

 shells, gas, smoke and incendiary trench mortar bombs, gas pro- 

 jectiles, gas cloud apparatus, smoke producers, flame projectors, 

 chemical grenades, aerial, gas, smoke and incendiary bombs, masks, 

 respirators, helmets, goggles, special clothing and alarms; in each 

 case not only the latest and most up to date objects of the type 

 described but also nearly complete series showing the development of 

 such objects from their earliest form to the most recent. 



The Corps of Engineers contributed a collection illustrating the 

 important part played in modern warfare by that branch of the 

 Army, including examples of tools and small equipment and of the 

 large instruments, peculiar to the work of the Corps, which so greatly 

 aided in winning the war. Particularly interesting are a parabolic 

 listening device used for determining the location of enemy aero- 

 planes at night and directing searchlights against them — a very im- 

 portant feature in combating air raids; a sound ranging set for locat- 

 ing the position of enemy batteries by recording the sound of the 

 guns; a flash ranging set which locates the position of enemy batteries 

 by recording the flashes of the guns; examples of the 36-inch and the 

 60-inch high intensity electric-arc searchlights and of the 60-inch 

 open type searchlights; models showing the use of camouflage ma- 

 terial in trench warfare with dummy silhouettes of soldiers to draw 

 machine gun fire ; representation of standard type trench and shelter 

 cave chamber; models of bridges, pontoon boats and wagons, and a 

 camouflaged gun position. 



Other contributions, through the Quartermaster Corps, added uni- 

 forms and insignia of the types worn by the armies of the Allied and 



