STANDLEY TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 53 



1. Pinus monophylla Torr. in Fr6m. Rep. Exped. Rocky Mount. 319. pi. //. 1845. 

 Pinus cembrmdes monophylla Voss, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 16: 95. 1907. 

 Mountains of Nortliern Baja California. Soutliern California (type locality) 



to Utah. 



Tree, usually 7 meters high or less, but sometimes attaining a height of 15 

 meters and a trunk diameter of 30 cm. ; trunk short, often branched near the 

 base, the bark deeply and irregularly fissured, dark reddish brown; leaves 

 about 4 cm. long, pale green ; cones 4 to 6.5 cm. long, light reddish brown, 

 shining, the scales few, thick ; seeds about 1.5 cm. long ; wood soft, brittle, 

 weak, close-grained, yellow to light brown, its specific gravity about 0.56. 

 " Pin6n " (California, Arizona). 



The wood is used for fuel and for charcoal for smelters. The seeds are 

 edible, either raw or roasted, and they are sometimes ground into meal. 



2. Pinus edulis Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 88. 1848. 



Pinus cemhroides edulis Voss, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 16: 95. 1907. 



Dry mountain sides, Baja California, at an altitude of about 1,800 meters; 

 perhaps also in northern Chihuahua. Western Texas to Arizona and Wyoming ; 

 type from New Mexico. 



Sometimes reaching a height of 12 meters and a trunk diameter of 75 cm., 

 but usually smaller; trunk short, often divided to the base, the bark brown, 

 irregular fissured ; leaves 1.8 to 4 cm. long, green ; cones about 4 cm. long, the 

 few scales very thick ; seeds brown, about 1.2 cm. long ; wood soft, weak, brittle, 

 close-grained, pale brown, the specific gravity about 0.64. " Piiion " (New 

 Mexico, Arizona, etc.). 



In the United States the wood is used for fencing, fuel, and charcoal, and is 

 sometimes sawed into boards, although it is only rarely suitable for lumber. 

 Pinyon seeds are an important article of food in New Mexico and Arizona, 

 largely taking the place filled by peanuts in other parts of the United States. 

 They were a staple food, also, of the Indians. In New Mexico they are some- 

 times gathered in such large quantities as to be used for horse feed. The nuts 

 are sometimes exported to other regions, and have been used in making confec- 

 tionery. 



3. Pinus cembroides Zucc. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Muenchen 1 : 392. 1832. 

 Pinus llaveana Schiede, Linnaea 12: 488. 1838. 



Pinus osteosperma Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 89. 1848. 



Low mountains, Chihuahua to Baja California, southward to Hidalgo. 

 Southern Arizona and New Mexico. 



Bushy tree, usually about 6 meters high, with a trunk diameter of 30 cm., 

 but sometimes much larger ; bark reddish brown, irregularly fissured ; leaves 

 2.5 to 5 cm. long, dark green ; cones 3 to 5 cm. in diameter, reddish brown ; seeds 

 8 to 10 mm. long; wood soft, close-grained, yellow, its si>ecific gravity about 

 0.65. Known generally as " pin6n " or " pino pinon," the seeds as " pinones." 



The seeds are eaten in all regions where the nut pine grows, and are highly 

 esteemed. They are very palatable raw, but are improved by roasting, after 

 which they possess a flavor unexcelled, perhaps, by that of any kind of nut. 

 The seeds are placed in the- mouth and the thin shells are cracked with the 

 teeth and ejected without being touched by the fingers, an operation in which 

 one may become very proficient by a little practice. The nuts are often 

 added to candies. 



4. Pinus quadrifolia Parry ; Pari, in DC. Prodr. 16": 402. 1868. 



Pinus parryana Engelm. Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 34: 332. 1862. Not P. parryana 

 Gord. 1858. 



