STANDLEY TKEES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 543 



sepals and alternate with them, usually distinct ; stamens twice as many as 

 the petals, the filaments free ; ovary 4 or 5-celled, the ovules usually 2 in 

 each cell ; fruit drupaceous, containing 1 to 5 stones. 



Petals valvate in bud; leaves pinnately 5 or 7-foliolate, the leaflets large, entire. 



1. ICICA. 

 Petals imbricate; leaves various 2. ELAPHRIUM. 



1. ICICA Aubl. PI. Guian. 1: 337. 1775. 



1. Icica copal Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 601. 1S30. 



? Icica leptostachya Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 31*: 473. 1858. 



Protium copal Engl, in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 83. 1883. 



Icica palmeri Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25 : 260. 1911. 



San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Oaxaca ; type from Veracruz. 



Tree ; leaves pinnate, the leaflets 5 or 7, 10 to 18 cm. long, oblong, obtuse or 

 rounded at apex, coriaceous, entire; flowers small, in axillary panicles. 

 "Copal" (Veracruz). 



Icica heptaphylla Aubl. has been reported from Yucatan, where it is said 

 to be known as " copal " and " pom." The writer has seen no specimens of 

 the genus from that State. 



2. ELAPHRIUM Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 3. 1760. 



Shrubs or trees ; leaves deciduous, simple, pinnate, or bipinnate, the leaflets 

 entire or crenate, sometimes lobate ; flowers small, solitary or in axillary 

 panicles ; fruit a small 3-angled drupe, containing a single large sec> J. 



The species all have a strong and characteristic odor resulting from the oil 

 contained in the plants. All or most of them yield a resin, known as " copal," 

 which is used in various ways, especially in domestic medicine. It is employed 

 particularly as a cement and for varnish, and is burned by the Indians as 

 incense in the churches and during some of their pagan celebrations. The 

 name copal, which is of Nahuatl origin, is now applied in commerce to resins 

 which come from Africa, the East Indies, and South America, and, indeed, 

 most of the commercial resins known as copal come from those regions. The 

 following vernacular names are reported for plants of the genus whose specific 

 determination is doubtful: " Tacamaca " ; " papelillo " (Durango) ; " teco- 

 maca ;" " copalquahuitl " (Nahuatl; applied to various species) ; " suchicopal " 

 (Colima, Veracruz, Jalisco); " sochicopal " (Colima, Veracruz); " copalxo- 

 chitl" (Colima, Veracruz); " teponaxtle," " teponaxtli," " teponaztli ;" " ciru- 

 jano " (Morelos). The species are so closely related that many of the ver- 

 nacular names are doubtless applied to more than a single one. 



Petiole and rachis not winged. 

 Leaves simple or unifoliolate. 

 Leaves crenate. 



Flovv'ers solitary, nearly sessile; leaves glabrous 1. E. subtrifoliatum. 



Flowers paniculate, on slender pedicels ; leaves pubescent. 



42. E. rhoifolium. 

 Leaves entire. 



Leaves lance-oblong, more than twice as long as broad ; pedicels long 



and slender 2. E. cerasifolium. 



Leaves ovate or oval, less than twice as long as broad; pedicels short 



and stout 3. E. simplicifolium. 



Leaves with 3 or more leaflets. 



