STANDLEY TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 551 



32. Elaphrium jorullense H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 28. pi. 612. 1824. 

 Elaphrium lanuginosum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7 : 31. 1824. 



Bur sera jornllaisis Engl, in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 57. 1883. 



lijirficra pnlmeri f/1abrescens S. Wats. Proc. Anier. Acad. 25: 145. 1890. 



Bursera glahrcsccvs Rose. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 313. 1895. 



Durango to Puebla and Guerrero ; type from Jorullo, Michoacan. 



Shrub or tree, sometimes 7.5 meters high, with brown bark ; leaflets 2 to 4 

 cm. long, densely pubescent, strongly rugose. " Copal " (Morelos, Urbina) ; 

 " copal blnnco," " copal de penca " (Morelos, Ramirez) ; " copal santo " (Morelos, 

 Michoacan, Ramirez) ; "ngedni," "ngidi" (Otomi) ; "copalli," "goma de limon," 

 " elemi de Mexico " (Nueva Farmacopea Mexicana) ; copalquahuitl " (Nahuatl). 



The copal or resin of this tree is reddish and burns readily. It is usually 

 gathered in September and October from incisions in the trunk, the juice being 

 collected on maguey leaves, hence the name of " copal de penca." Dissolved in 

 turpentine the resin gives a transparent and very glossy varnish. The copal 

 is used in Mexico as a substitute for gum elemi. It is employed in treating 

 uterine diseases and in making ointments, and smoke from it is inhaled as a 

 remedy for headache. 



This may be the species figured by Hernandez and described^ in a chapter 

 headed " De Copalliquahuitl Patlahoac, seu Arbore Copalli latifolia, Copal- 

 lifera II." 



33. Elaphrium schiedeanum (Engl.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 256. 1911. 

 Bursera schicdeana Engl, in DC. Jlonogr. Phan. 4: 57. 1885. 



Known only from the type locality, Cuautla, Morelos ; not seen by the writer. 

 Leaflets 7 or 9, pubescent on both surfaces. 



34. Elaphrium cuneatum Schlecht. Linnaea 17: G29. 1843. 

 Bursera cuneata Engl, in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 56. 1883. 

 Guanajuato, Mexico, and Guerrero ; type from Tlamixtlahuaca, Guerrero. 

 Leaflets 7 or 9, oblong or lance-oblong, very rugose, densely pubescent beneath. 



35. Elaphrium submoniliforme (Engl.) Marchand; Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 

 255. 1911. 



Bursera submoniliformis Engl, in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 55. 1883. 



Oaxaca ; type from Rio Vueltas. 



Leaflets 7 to 13, oblong or oval, 1 to 3 cm. long, densely pubescent. 



36. Elaphrium filicifolium (T. S. Brandeg.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 254. 1911. 

 Bursera filicifoHa T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 248. 1908. 



Sonora and Baja California ; type from Rancho Colorado, Baja California. 

 Small tree with brownish branches; leaflets usually 1 cm. long or shorter, 

 bright green. 



37. Elaphrium aloexylon Schiede, Linnaea 17: 252. 1843. 

 Bursera aloexylon Engl, in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 52. 1883. 

 Bursera nelsoni Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3 : 314. 1895. 

 Morelos, Puebla and Oaxaca ; type from Real de Cuautla. IMorelos. 



Shrub or small tree; leaflets usually 7 or 9, 1 to 2 cm. long or sometimes 

 larger, pubescent when young but often glabra te in age. The following vernacu- 

 lar names are reported, but it is uncertain whetlier they belong exclusively, or 

 at all, to this species : " Linalog," " inanu§," " linalue," " xochicopal " ; " cua- 

 jiote Colorado" (Oaxaca, Villada). 



By distillation there is obtained from the wood or fruit an oil which is used 

 in the manufacture of perfumes. The wood, which is yellow and very fragrant, 

 is said to have been exported to England. 



' Thesaurus 46. 1651. 



