1098 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 



7 ram. long; fruit 1 to 1.8 cm. in diameter, dull red. " Manzanita " (Cali- 

 fornia). 



The fruit was much eaten by the California Indians, either raw or dried, 

 ground, and made into atole. The leaves were often mixed with smoking 

 tobacco. The leaves contain arbutin and about 9.8 per cent of tannin. A 

 decoction of them has been employed for catarrhal affections, diarrhea, and 

 gonorrhoea. 



17. Arctostaphylos drupacea (Parry) Standi. 



Arctostaphylos pringlei drupacea Parry, Bull. Calif. Acad. 2: 495. 1887. 



Mountains of Baja California. Southern California ; type from Cuyamaca 

 Mountains. 



Shrub, 1.5 to 2 meters high, with smooth red-brown bark ; leaves broadly 

 ovate to oblong, 2.5 to 4.5 cm. long, acute to rounded at base, glandular-pilose ; 

 corolla 7 to 8 mm. long; fruit glandular-pubescent. 



This has been reported from Baja California as A. pringlei Parry, a species 

 of Arizona. 



18. Arctostaphylos tomentosa Pursh, PI. Amer. Sept. 282. 1814. 

 Northern Baja California. California to British Columbia. 



Shrub or small tree, sometimes 6 meters high, with a trunk 20 cm. in diam- 

 eter ; bark smooth, red-brown ; leaves broadly ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 

 3 to 6 cm. long, acute or obtuse, pubescent or glabrate ; corolla white or pink, 

 6 to 7 mm. long ; fruit 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, brown, glabrous or pubescent ; 

 wood hard, tough, close-grained, reddish or dark brown, heavy, taking a fine 

 polish. "Manzanita" (California). 



The wood has been employed in the United States for fine cabinet work. 

 This and other related species are known upon the Pacific Coast as " manza- 

 nita." The fruit is edible, having an agreeable acid flavor, but it is dry, 

 mealy, and full of seeds. It was an important article of food among the 

 California Indians, being eaten fresh, or dried and ground and stirred into 

 water to form pinole, or cooked as a mush. Death from intestinal stoppage 

 is said to have resulted from eating too much of the raw fruit. Manzanita 

 cider is sometimes made by scalding the ripe fruit until the seeds are soft, 

 then crushing it and straining the resultant liquid, which is allowed to stand 

 and settle. The beverage so obtained is spicy and acid. It is sometimes 

 made from the dried berries. The leaves of the various species were smoked 

 by the Indians. 



19. Arctostaphylos pungens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3 : 278. 1819. 



Baja California to Chihuahua, Coahuila, Veracruz, and Oaxaca ; type collected 

 near the City of Mexico. New Mexico to California. 



Shrub, 1 to 3.5 meters high, the bark smooth, red-brown, the branchlets 

 tomentulose ; leaves broadly ovate to lanceolate or rounded, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. 

 long, obtuse or acute, tomentulose when young ; racemes very short and dense ; 

 corolla 7 mm. long ; fruit brown, 5 to 8 mm. in diameter. " Manzanita " 

 (California); " manzanilla " (Durango, Sinaloa, Guanajuato); " pingiiica " 

 (Guanajuato, Morelos, Durango, Hidalgo, Jalisco) ; " palo de pingiiica" (San 

 Luis PotosI, Hidalgo, Sinaloa, Guanajuato, Oaxaca) ; " manzana," " tnu-ndido " 

 (Oaxaca, Seler) ; " gayuba del pals" (Hidalgo); "tepezquite," " tepeizquitl," 

 " tepesquisuchil " (Nahuatl, from tepe-izqui-xochitl=mo\intain-\rtoa.sted maize-j- 

 flower) ; " pinquiqua " (Tarascan) ; " leno Colorado" (Sonora, San Luis PotosI, 

 Hidalgo). 



