344 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 
types of boats were introduced, and it is said that for some time the ready- 
built boats were imported by ships coming around the Cape. However that 
may have been, the boats are all built in Peru now and chiefly of American 
white pine strengthened with oak. A variety of types are in use, of which 
the neatest is the felucca (‘‘faluca” or ‘‘falucho’’) as it is employed at Callao. 
This has a round bottom and smooth sides, is pointed at both ends, and may be 
entirely decked. There is a long, narrow hatch, the ‘‘escotilla,” and in the 
extreme aft end a small ‘‘escotilla de popa’’ opening into a compartment in 
the stern dignified by the name of ‘‘salon”’ and used for the storage of nets or 
fish. With the covers of the escotillas in place, the little boat is snugly decked 
in. The space under the forward deck serves for bedding, clothing, and other 
things, while under the side decks are spaces (‘‘escafetas”) for the keeping of 
cooking utensils, provisions, and miscellaneous equipment. Though the boats 
are small, yet for the period of a fishing trip the fisherman regards his boat as 
his home and equips it accordingly. A typical Callao felucca is 514 meters 
in length, 2 meters in width, and 0.65 meter in depth. 
As typical of the felucca, the mast stands about midway and supports a 
triangular lateen sail; that is, a triangular sail which is attached by its fore 
margin to a lateen yard or “‘entena.’’ The entena hoists obliquely to the mast. 
For use in the scallop dredging, greater powér and convenience are secured by 
modifying the sailing rig. The mast is then placed well forward and a boom and 
gaff sail (schooner-like) is used. ‘ 
These closely decked feluccas are found only at Callao. In other ports the 
boats are usually square of stern and uncovered. At all ports the boats seem 
to have no other name than “‘ bote de pescadores”’ (fishermen’s boat), the desig- 
nation by which they are distinguished from the bote chalanos, canoas, balsas, 
and caballitos. 
One of the common inferior boats of the coast is the bote chalano, with 
square stern, steep sides, and flat bottom, or, as at Callao, with a wedged but 
fore-and-aft planked bottom. At Callao it is used with a large square sail. 
All of the boats are without centerboards and are comparatively poor 
sailers into the wind. Therefore if a fishing trip is made to northward of the 
port, the return journey against both wind and current is always tedious. The 
use of the centerboard is unknown. 
The best sailing craft are the ‘‘balandritas” or small sloops of Pacasmayo. 
The balandras used there for trips to the Lobos Islands are 25 to 30 feet in 
length, with a 7 to ro foot beam and a depth of 3% to 6 feet. Square of stern, 
well decked in, and with a small cabin, they have fair seagoing qualities and 
may carry from 1oto14 tons. The balandritas are of the same form, but smaller. 
