236 



BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 

 26. Stenodus mackenzii (Richardson). Inconnu. 



Although no specimens were obtained by us, this species is known to occiu' in the headwaters of 

 tile Yukon. It has been reported to us by Messrs. Osgood and Maddren, who saw it in the Yukon in 

 lilOO. ilr. Presnell, of Chignik Bay, says that he saw an example 10 inches long at Eagle City in 189S 

 which had been taken through an air hole in the ice. and he thinks he saw another, weighing 3 or 4 

 pounds, on Forty-mile (.'reek. 



Fig. 9. — Stonodus mackenzii ( Kiohardsonj. 



Townsend (1887) records one specimen taken in the Middle IClawak (Kobuk) in August, 1885; 

 Nelson (1887) records it from the Y'ukon at Xulato, Kotlik, and Andreafski; Turner (1886), from St. 

 Michaels: and Scofield dSilO) from the Mackenzie River. 



27. Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Wal 



Humpback Salmon; Pink Salmon. (PI. xxiii — xxvi.) 



Tile humpback salmon is the most abundant salmon in .-Vlaskan waters. It exists in millions, 

 swarming everywhere along the shores and in waters near the sea, in streams, brooks, lakes, swamps, 

 and brackish lagoons — in fact, in all places where fresh water, however little, may lie found. It is 

 ordinarily not found far from shore, and does not run up the streams for great distances. It does not 

 frequent the larger rivers, and is therefore almost unknown in the Sacramento and Columbia, and even 

 in the Fraser: but in the smaller streams it is found practically everywhere from California to Bering 

 Sea, wherever a stream of fresh water, however small, enters the sea. Dr. Bean records it fi-om 

 Refuge Cove, Cook Inlet, and St. Paul, Kodiak Island; also from Colville River. Townsend (July 2 

 to August 25, 1885) found it in the Middle Kobuk River; not more than a half dozen individuals were 

 seen, however, among the large numbers of fishes examined at every village of natives. Scofield (1899) 

 found this species at Port Clarence about the middle of July, at which time it was beginning to run up 

 the river back of the inner harbor. Gilbert (1895) says: 



The humpback salmon was seen by us at Port Moller on the northern side of the Alaskan Peninsula, 

 during two visits, which included the first two weeks and the last week of July, 1890. During the first 

 part of this month they were running in small numliers, and. as a few scattered ones only had been taken 

 at Unalaska up to June Hi. 1890, it is safe to indicate the first of July as the beginning of their appearance 

 on that part of the coast. In the early part of their run they proved a very acceptable fish, but later 

 they rapidly deteriorated. (_)n our return to Unalaska, Juh' 31, 1890. we learned that they had been 

 running for several weeks, and during several visits in the month of .August they were found in incredible 

 numbers crowding into the mouths of the small streams which flow into Captains Harbor. Both pools 

 and shallows seemed full of them and large numbers were dying within a few hundred yards of the 

 beach. The spawning season appeared to liegin early in August. 



According to Murdoch ilSSo), humpback salmon occur sparingly at Perignak, Elson Bay. Nelson 

 (1887) states that the run at St. Michael begins about the middle of June and that the fish continue 

 rather numerous until the end of July. They were seen in abundance at all places visited by us in 

 Jidy and August. On July 8 some were taken in a gill net in Y'es Bay. At Klawak they are plentiful 

 and unusually large, running about 14 to the case in canning. Usually 20 to the case is a fair average, 

 though they often run as small as 25 to 30 to the case. 



At Afognak Falls, August 3, humpback salmon were found running in great numbers; they were 

 seen in all parts of the stream below the falls, some jumping, others in the water often with their fins 



