bibliographic standardization for all languages with nonLatin 

 alphabets. The standardization depended upon the 

 transliterations provided by the libraries of Russia and other 

 countries with nonLatin alphabets 



Since the majority of the references is in Russian, Russian 

 publications are not specially marked in the bibliography. All 

 references in other languages are marked by asterisks (*) . If 

 these references are in Bashkirian, Chinese, Czech, Japanese, 

 Korean, Mongolian, Polish, or Ukrainian, the titles are enclosed 

 in parentheses. English, French, or German references are not so 

 marked. 



All the titles in languages using the Latin alphabet are 

 given in their original form. Titles in other languages are 

 either translated or given English transcriptions; in the latter 

 family and geographic names are also transcribed if another 

 transcription had not been established earlier. Translated 

 titles are enclosed in brackets. If the original publication 

 source provided an English, French or German translation of the 

 titles, these translated titles are not enclosed in brackets. 

 When a summary or abstract is present in one of these languages, 

 it is indicated in parentheses. Parentheses are also used for a 

 published translation of an article. 



The titles of books and dissertations are transcribed in 

 English; their translations are enclosed in brackets. In few 

 cases, Czech, Chinese, and Japanese titles are given only in 

 translation. Editors of collected papers are not indicated. 



Russian use three terms for amphibians and reptiles: "gady" ; 

 "zemnovodnye & presmykayushchiesya" ; and "amphibii & reptilii". 

 The two first terms are translated herein as "amphibians & 

 reptiles", the third one as "Amphibia & Reptilia". 



To make the bibliography more functional, references are 

 coded by the following subjects: A, activity; B, behavior; C, 

 conservation; D, diseases; E, ecology (ED, development; EE, 

 natural enemies; EF, feeding; EH, habitats; EM, mortality; EP, 

 population and number; ER, reproduction); G, geographic 

 distribution; H, history of studies; K, karyology; M, morphology 

 (MC, circulatory system; MD, digestive system; ME, external 

 morphology; MG, glands; MI, integument; MK, kidney; MN, nervous 

 system and sense organs; MO, eggs and eggsacs; MP, pulmonary 

 system; MR, reproductive system; MS, skeletal and muscular 

 systems); 0, ontogenesis or embryology; P, physiology; PA, 

 parasitology; PH, phylogeny including paleontology; PO, popular 

 literature; S, systematics; T, terrarium or captive care; W, 

 wintering or hibernation. 



