The venter is black, sometimes with yellow spots. The 

 subspecies algira Bedriaga, 1883 is applied to these 

 populations . 



Ecology 



It occurs to 2010 m in Morocco, 1550 m in Algeria, and 1500 

 m in Tunisia. In Algeria it lives in Cedrus and Quercus woods. 

 During the day it is found under stones and among roots. It 

 lives near streams. It has been observed in caves. Groups of 15 

 to 20 active salamanders have been seen in November in Algeria. 



Fig. 5. Distribution of Salamandra salamandra. 



Biology 



Birth of 16 larvae were reported in May in Algeria. A 

 female caught in December in Morocco had 15 larvae of 27 mm in 

 total length. Towards the end of February larvae in the water 

 in the Rif mountains, and recently metamorphosed individuals 

 under stones were observed. 



Distribution 



Northern Morocco, northern Algeria, and northern Tunisia 

 (Fig. 5) . 



Bibliography 



Bons (1972), Boulenger (1891), Dorda (1984), Doumergue 

 (1901), Eiselt (1958), Galan (1931), Geniez and Soto (1994), 

 Pasteur and Bons (1959), Thorn (1968). 



Order Anura 



There are approximately 3967 species of frogs and toads. 

 Their body is short and without tail. Hindlimbs are larger than 

 forelimbs. Many anurans have a conspicuous tympanum and use 

 vocalizations to attract mates. 



