Maxillary teeth 29-32; ventrals 132-144; blackish brown 
rings circling body and tail wider dorsally and split by 
lighter center percarinata 
Dark rings 30-40 on body, 12-20 on tail; belly between dark 
rings orange-red or orange-yellow in life annularis 
Dark rings 18-21 on body, 11-13 on tail; rings edged with 
black and greenish brown in center aequifasciata 
Trachischium 
Scale rows 13 throughout; ventrals 125-140 tenuiceps 
Scale rews 15%.wentrals.113-—125 monticola 
Zaocys 
Loreals 2-3; upper labials 8-10; rear of body with dark 
network carinatus 
Only 1 loreal 2 
Two to 4 vertebral scale rows keeled; greenish brown to 
blackish brown; a dark stripe on each side near’ mid-line; 
large individuals with stripes indistinct near end of body.. 
dhumnades 
Four to 6 vertebral rows keeled; green or greenish yellow on 
back; a black stripe anteriorly on each side: of midline; 
lateral edges of ventrals with black streak nigromarginatus 
HOMALOPSINAE 
Enhydris 
Scale rows 19 at midbody; more than 2 upper labials border 
eye plumbea 
Scale rows 21-25 at midbody; only 1 labial touching eye 2 
Scale rows 21 at midbody, rarely 19 or 23 3 
Scale rows 23-25; loreal usually not touching eye; some 
individuals with large black spots on back chinensis 
Loreal touching internasal enhydris 
Loreal not touching internasal bennetti 
ELAPIDAE 
Vertebral scales enlarged, hexagonal; subcaudals in single 
row (Bungarus) 2 
Vertebral scales normal in shape, not larger than adjacent 
scales; subcaudals in two rows or partly single 
Back uniformly black Bungarus niger 
Body with white or yellow rings 3 
Back with black and white rings; white rings narrow, 30-50 + 
a Be Be mud bicinetus 
Back with black and yellow rings of equal width; yellow 
rings 20-28 + 3-5; tail blunt B. fasciatus 
Neck expandible; black or blackish brown on _ dorsum; 
internasal bordering nostril 5 
Neck not expandible; brownish or purplish above; internasal 
not bordering nostril (Calliophis) 6 
No enlarged post-parietal plates Naja naja 
With enlarged post-parietal plates Ophiophagus hannah 
Brown or reddish brown dorsally with black crossbands 7 
Purplish red with 3 black. sitrapes Calliophis japonicus 
Scale rows 17 throughout; wide, white crossbands on head... 
12 
