.25 acres. Migration, except during the nesting season, is minimal; 

 immigration and emigration are negligible. Adults move the least, sub- 

 adults the most. A population density of ^0/acre on the study site was 

 measured during July, with a density of 10/acre in less favorable habi- 

 tat surrounding it. The population consisted of 19.5% juveniles, 19.5% 

 subadults (2 years old), 34.5% intermediate adults (3 years) and 26.4% 

 old adults (4 years or more). Annual replacement is probably less than 

 20%. Masticophis flagellum is a constant and troublesome predator; 

 other potential predators include the snakes Pituophis , Hypsiglena , 

 Crotalus viridis , Thamnophis cyrtopsis , the lizard Crotaphytus collaris 

 (rare on the study site), and roadrunners. Of the 35 hatchlings marked 

 in 1965, only 1/2 were recaptured in 1966. 



112. Knowiton, G. F. 1934. Lizards as a factor in the control of 

 range insects. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 27(5): 998-1004. 



A list of stomach contents in 219 stomachs of Cnemidophorus tig - 

 ris tigris is given. Almost all insects eaten were injurious to range 

 plants. Orthoptera, Isoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera and Homoptera were 

 present in greatest frequency; many were larvae or pupae. 



113. Legler, J. M. and L. 3. Sullivan. 1979. The application of stom- 

 ach-flushing to lizards and anurans. HERPETOLOGICA 35(2): 107-110. 



Cnemidophorus tigris was one of the species used. 



llt^. Leuck, B. E. 1980. Life with and without sex: comparative beha- 

 vior of three species of whiptail lizards (Cnemidophorus ; Teiidae). 

 PH.D. DISSERTATION, UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA. 110 p. 



Groups of five conspecif ic lizards of Cnemidophorus neomexicanus 

 and _C. tesselatus (parthenogenetic) and _C. sexlineatus (bisexual) were 

 observed in identical outdoor enclosures to determine whether the par- 

 thenogens acted more nepotistically towards each other than did the bi- 

 sexuals as predicted by kin selection theory. Aggressive interactions, 

 competition over food items and fighting were less common in partheno- 

 gens than bisexuals, indicating that the genetic relatedness of the for- 

 mer may affect behavioral differences. Genetic unity may also lead to 

 cooperative space use by parthenogenetic lizards, while bisexual whip- 

 tails, which are less related to each other, may compete for limited 

 spatial features. Groups of conspecific parthenogens used a signifi- 

 cantly greater number of sites for digging burrows than did the more 

 site-specific bisexuals. Neither type maintained territories nor de- 

 fended objects to the exclusion of conspecifics, and both shared objects 

 under which they burrowed. Parthenogens shared actual burrows 9 times, 

 while this occurred only once among bisexuals. As the number of lizards 



