INTRODUCTION 



This bibliography is composed of literature citations on the amphibians 

 and reptiles of Wyoming that were part of the Wildlife Species Data Base 

 (MANAGE), prepared in 1980 in cooperation with the Office of Biological 

 Services (OBS), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The list of references has 

 since been updated to include papers published through September 1982. We 

 feel that an organized compilation of this information will be useful to both 

 researchers and managers, and can be used as reference material in faunal 

 resource assessment, evaluation of impacts, resource development, critical 

 habitat determination, and endangered species listing. The need for these 

 activities was underscored by the recent probable extinction of a 

 zoogeographically important species (Bufo hemiophrys) in Wyoming (Baxter and 

 Meyer, 1982). 



The ecological literature on amphibians and reptiles is spotty; only a few 

 species have been relatively well studied. For most species, particularly 

 those that have cryptic life styles or occur in low densities, basic life 

 history data are nonexistent or have been published in largely anecdotal 

 form. Given the initial paucity of the herpetological literature, the 

 problems are compounded when compiling references that pertain to Wyoming 

 populations. The most recent treatment of the Wyoming herpetofauna is that of 

 Baxter and Stone (1980), who listed 94 references. The majority of these do 

 not pertain specifically to Wyoming populations. 



References for the f^NAGE data base were compiled in a hierarchical 

 manner. Studies on Wyoming populations were given first priority. Studies 

 from habitats similar to those in Wyoming were given nearly equal weight. 

 Where these types of studies were not available, general natural history 

 information that was generally applicable to the species was used. The result 

 is a list of 353 references. Of these, only 49 represent studies performed on 

 Wyoming populations. 



Literature citations for each species are arranged according to lU 

 selected topics: taxonomy, distribution, economic and legal status, population 

 characteristics, habitat utilization, feeding, breeding, space use and 

 temporal activity, effects of habitat modification, and other. The last 

 category includes references of secondary interest and was used infrequently 

 in the amphibian and reptile accounts. 



The list of Wyoming species was taken from Baxter (1947) and Baxter and 

 Stone (1980). Thirty-four species are included: one salamander, 11 frogs and 

 toads, four turtles, seven lizards, and 11 snakes. Subspecies are not treated 

 separately. In view of the inadequacy of the literature for most species and 

 the small number of species where more than one race occurs in the state, we 

 consider this decision justified. The one possible exception is the lizard 

 Sceloporus undulatus . Three races with rather distinct ecologies occur in 

 Wyoming. Although it is not possible to tell from the literature citations 

 alone, we attempted (within the limits of the format) to differentiate between 

 the races in the MANAGE account for this species. Scientific and common names 

 used in this report follow Collins et al. (1978). 



Acknowledgments. --Funding for the initial literature search was provided 

 by the Office of Biological Services, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We 

 appreciate this support and thank Henry Short for coordinating the project. 

 George T. Baxter and Michael D. Stone kindly reviewed the manuscript. 



