body and upper ventral thigh are few or none. Dorsal body of juveniles mostly 

 oUve-green, three longitudinal stripes on dorsal body very distinct; dorsal part of 

 forelimbs olive-brown or grayish brown, transverse stripes on forelimbs very distinct; as 

 size increases, green color on dorsal body will eventually decrease till reaching color of 

 adult. 



Secondary Sex Characters: Forelimb thick and strong, fu-st and second fingers bear 

 black cone-shaped nuptial spines, inner side of third finger also bears several nupital 

 spines in a few specimens, two bunches of black cone-shaped spiny warts on lateral side 

 of chest; internal single subgular vocal sac exists, opening of vocal sac is a slit and 

 interrupted; linea musculinae exists on lateral body. 



Eggs: Diameter of eggs is 3-3.5mm, animal pole brownish gray, vegetable pole 

 milky yellow; two layers of gelatinous membrane are outside of eggs, outer layer thick 

 and very sticky. 



Tadpoles: In life, dorsal body olive-brovra or dark brown, dorsal part of musculus 

 candalis bears 3-5 dark transverse stripes or spots, color of caudal fm slightly lighter, 

 dark brown spots densely scattered on caudal fin. Ventral body light colored, liver and 

 intestine can be seen. When hindlimb bud is 3.4-7mm long, total body length is about 

 65mm, snout rounded, eyes dorsolaterally on head; spiracle on left side of body slanting 

 to posterior upper level, does not form a fi-ee tube; skin on posterior lateral body loose, 

 forming a slight air-filled sac; anus slants open on right side below base of tail; musculus 

 caudalis well developed, caudal fin low, posterior tip bluntly rounded; mouth on ventral 

 side of snout, about 5mm wide, lip wide, no papillae in middle part of upper lip, two 

 rows of papillae on both sides of upper lip, widely separated fi-om each other, external 

 row of papillae small and dense, internal row big and sparse, near labial teeth; some bear 

 3-5 additional papillae; labial tooth formula often II: 3-3 / II: 1-1, individual II: 4-4 / II: 1- 

 1 or II: 3-3/III. In addition, color of small tadpoles in life with an avarage 23mm body 

 length is brownish gray on dorsum; milky yellow on venter; milky yellow on musculus 

 caudalis, also; caudal fin light with sparse gray tiny spots, two rows of papillae on comer 

 of mouth and mandible, widely separate; labial teeth formula often II: 2-2 / II: 1-1, some I: 

 3-3 /II: 1-1 or II: 3-3/ II: 1-1. When tail length of tadpole in metamorphosis is 8-14mm, 

 body length is 19-23 .2mm, essentially having adult fi-og characteristics, warts or skin 

 ridges on dorsal body starts to show, transverse stripes on forelimbs are more regular and 

 clearer than adults. 



Ecology : This species often rests in small streams, spring runs and nearby water 

 puddles at an elevation of 2850-3400m, mostly hidden under rocks, fallen trees beside 

 streams or under roots beside ditches, occasionally stays on rocks beside the bank or 

 among bushes, when scared, jumps into water immediately and escapes, very hard to 

 catch. Eggs either single or several linked together and stuck unevenly on fallen trees or 

 under rocks in shallow water. Tadpoles move around either in the cracks of rocks or 

 under stones in small slow moving streams, or among aquatic plants beside spring water 

 or slow areas under the tree roots. 



