12 
Anterior half of dorsum with or without black flecks, 
streaks, or dark spots, never banded in adults; 
VGntrals 14S eta: oud. SAPS aha Shs b onal ee orks hs biog Teas 5 
Anterior fourth of dorsum banded with black or brownish 
black bands, venter immaculate white, yellow or 
reddish; ventrals <143" .....2.. agg8. fe epinephelus epinephelus 
Venter immaculate white, yellow or pinkish ...................08. 
Venter checkered with marks of yellow and black ................. 
SD 
Dorsum leaf green with flecks of black, posterior 
dorsolateral black stripe usually absent 
epee caret a's saya: yates apy ths-cychts Sisvaie aid pagetagane dis he epinephelus albiventris 
Dorsum olive, olive brown, or grayish brown, posterior 
dorsolateral black stripe usually present 
BIO aye ais S et wie 6 of e Ola, MIDs. aayenhayasle apaje epinephelus opisthotaenius 
Ventrals from 141-156 (x= 150), subcaudals from 
7 oY lied oi) ES A, = i Co epinephelus lamonae 
Ventrals from 151-164 (x= 157), subcaudals from 
GT GRA CAP. «cg «, So guesyard Ae azetayehs: apsptionantte ove epinephelus fraseri 
Liophis epinephelus epinephelus Cope 1862. 
DISTRIBUTION: Lower elevations of the mountains of western Panama, east 
to Colombian lowlands, most interAndean valleys below 1,500 m, extending 
southward along the Colombian coast to northern Ecuador (see figures 
1-3, pp. 133-135, Dixon 1983). 
Liophis epinephelus albiventris Jan 1863. 
SYNONYMS: alticolus Cope, ater Giinther, quadrilineatus Jan 
DISTRIBUTION: Western Ecuador from sealevel to 2,600 m elevation (see 
figure 3, p. 153, Dixon 1983). 
Liophis epinephelus bimaculatus Cope 1899. 
SYNONYMS: bipraeocularis Boulenger, ecuadorensis Laurent 
DISTRIBUTION: High Andean slopes (2,600 - 3,300 m) of western Venezuela, 
central Colombia, south to northern Pert (see figures 2, 3, p. 134, 135, 
Dixon 1983). 
Liophis epinephelus fraseri Boulenger 1894. 
DISTRIBUTION: Middle elevations of the eastern and western slopes of 
southern Ecuador, south to central Pert (see figure 4, p. 136, Dixon 
1983). 
