13 
Liophis epinephelus juvenalis Dunn 1937. 
DISTRIBUTION: Middle slopes of mountains from central Costa Rica to 
western Panama (see figure 1, p. 133, Dixon 1983). 
Liophis epinephelus lamonae Dunn 1944. 
DISTRIBUTION: Andean slopes (1,500 - 2,600 m) of Colombia, southward to 
east-central Ecuador (see figures 2, 3, pp. 134, 135, Dixon 1983). 
Liophis epinephelus opisthotaenius Boulenger 1908. 
DISTRIBUTION: Mérida region of Venezuela and the Paramo de Tama region 
of Venezuela and Colombia (see figure 2, p. 134, Dixon 1983). 
Liophis epinephelus pseudocobellus Peracca 1914. 
SYNONYM: alticolus Amaral. 
DISTRIBUTION: Middle elevations of central and western Andes of 
Colombia, south to Ecuador border (see figure 2, p. 134, Dixon 1983). 
Liophis festae (Perraca) 
Rhadinaea festae Peracca 1897:16. Type locality: Valley of Rio Santiago, 
Ecuador. 
Liophis festae, Amaral 1929:171. 
DISTRIBUTION: From middle elevations of southern Colombia, south through 
Ecuador, to the middle elevations of Cis-Andean central Perd. 
Liophis flavifrenatus (Cope) 
Lygophis flavifrenatus Cope 1862:80. Type locality: Rio Vermejo, (Bermejo 
region) Paraguay. 
Dromicus amabilis Jan 1867: livr. 24. Type locality: Brasil. 
Liophis flavifrenatus, Dixon 1980:8. 
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Brasil, southward through central and southern 
Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and extreme southeastern Brasil (see figure 
3, p. 9, Michaud and Dixon 1987). 
Liophis frenatus (Werner) 
Rhadinaea frenata Werner 1909:224. Type locality: Paraguay. 
Rhadinaea brazili Amaral 1923:87. Type locality: Julio Pontes, Brasil. 
Liophis frenatus, Amaral 1929:45. 
DISTRIBUTION: From Primavera, Paraguay, east-southeast to Guayuvira, Brasil 
(see figure 2, p. 154, Dixon 1983). 
