8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.37. 



main characters of this primitive type are: (1) Neck mixed brown 

 and black, the black concentrating along nape to form an evident 

 nape stripe; (2) throat with a median white longitudinal stripe, on 

 each side of which is a similar but somewhat oblique stripe, the three 

 meeting in a broad white mass covering posterior portion of inter- 

 ramial region ; space between median and lateral stripe brown like 

 side of neck or somewhat darker; a brown transverse band or collar 

 separates the stripes from white of chest. The two lines of variation 

 are (1) toward predominance of yellowish brown and (2) toward 

 predominance of black. 



Variants of the primitive stage are shown by Tragulus pretiosiis 

 (color rich, pattern normal, size normal), T. pretieJhis (like the last, 

 but size reduced), and T. lutescens (size reduced, color yellowish, 

 pattern normal). In T. formosus the first step is taken toward pre- 

 dominance of brown. The black nape stripe is narrower and less 

 Avell defined than in the normal phase, though the throat markings 

 retain their usual character. A further advance in the same direction 

 is shown by T. famcolUs., in which the nape stripe has disappeared, 

 all but a few scattered dark hairs, but in which the throat markings 

 remain normal. The extreme of this tendency, so far as now known, 

 is presented by T. perfani^i. Here the entire neck is yellowish 

 brown without trace of dark hairs, and the white throat-stripes are 

 noticeably narrowed by encroachment of the contiguous brown areas. 

 The final stage, with white completely replaced by brown, has not 

 yet been discovered, though there is little reason to doubt that it 

 exists. 



The first steps in the series leading toward dominance of black are 

 not shown by any of the llhio-Linga species. In T. umhrin us of Pulo 

 Lankawi, off the west coast of the Malay Peninsula, the dark nape 

 stripe has become diffuse, spreading over entire neck, though not to the 

 exclusion of the brown. A further stage is represented by T. aTnmnus 

 of Pulo Mansalar, Tapanuli Bay, west Sumatra. Here the neck is 

 definitely black, though with much brown speckling at sides. Ke- 

 turning to the Ehio-Linga Archipelago, we find that in T . nigricoUis 

 the neck is black, slightly speckled with brown laterally ; throat pat- 

 tern normal. The next stage, in which the black begins to encroach 

 on white of throat (corresponding to that represented by T. perfavus 

 in the brown series), is represented by T. hunguranensis of Bunguran 

 Island, North Natunas, and T. nigricans of Balabac. In T. jugu- 

 laris of Pulo Mansalar the white is obliterated, but the position of 

 the light markings is indicated by brown annulations on the hairs of 

 the region normally occupied by the white stripes. The final stage 

 is represented by a Rhio-Linga species, T. nigrocinctus, in which the 

 entire neck and throat are clear black. 



