446 



PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



VOL. 37. 



11. EPINEPHELUS CHLOROSTIGMA (Cuvier and Valenciennes). 



Serranus chlorostigma Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 2, 



1828, p. 352 (Seychelles).— GuNTHER, Cat. Fishes, vol. 1, 1859, p. 151 (after 



Cuvier and Valenciennes). 

 Epinephelus chlorostigma Boulenger, Cat. Fishes, vol. 1, 1895, p. 203 (Red Sea, 



Indian Ocean, China Sea). — Sauvage, Poiss. Madagascar, 1891, p. 73 



(Madagascar). 

 Serranus waandersii Bleeker, Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind., vol. 17, 1858, p. 152 (Bali); 



Atl. Ichth., vol. 7, 1876, p. 47, pi. 281, fig. 1. 

 Serranus areolatus Klunzinger, Synop. Fisch. Roth. Meer., 1870, p. 675 (Red 



Sea) (not S. areolatus Klunzinger, 1884). 

 Serranus geoffroyi Klunzinger,- Fisch. Roth. Meer., 1884, p. 3 (Red Sea). 

 Serranus celebicus var. multipunctatus Kossmann and Rauber, Fisch. Roth. 



Meer., p. 6 (Red Sea). 

 Epinephelus chlorostigma Jordan and Richardson Mem. Carnegie Museum, vol. 



4, 1909, p. 183 (Takao, Keerun, Formosa). 



(East Indian fauna; north to southern Japan.) 

 Head 2.5; depth 3.25; eye 7.3 in head, 3.25 in maxillary; dorsal 

 XI, 17 or 18; anal III, 8; scales 14-110-40; nose 4.2 in head; maxil- 



^.J^ti&t'^WAj^ 



Fig. 6.— Epinephelus chlorostigma. 



lary a little short of back of eye, 2.3 in head, 1.16 in pectoral; inter- 

 orbital space strongly convex, about 1.3 times diameter of eye in 

 specimen 15 inches long; 1.2 in eye in one 5 inches. Back moder- 

 ately elevated, the dorsal and ventral outlines not greatly dissimilar ; 

 profile straight, muzzle sharp, lower jaw projecting. Teeth in sides 

 of lower jaw in 2 rows; canines moderate; nostrils unequal; pre- 

 opercle with a salient angle, with 6 to 8 enlarged points ; margin of 

 lower preopercular limb without serratures; free edge of upper por- 

 tion of posterior limb finely serrated; opercular spines about equi- 

 distant; opercular flap pointed, the point directed straight backward; 

 gill-rakers 13 + 4 or 5 rudiments. Cheeks and opercles covered with 

 small scales; occiput with fine imbedded scales; maxillary and lower 

 jaw with numerous extremely fine scales, those on the maxillary more 



