460 PR0CEED1N08 OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. r>7. 



ventrals dusky; pectorals pale; a black mustache-like streak along 

 along lower face of suborbital, partly covered by the folded maxillary. 



Of this common species we have 25 specimens — eight, 6 to 11 inches 

 long, from Tokyo; one, 6 inches, from Nagasaki; fourteen, 2 inches, 

 from Misaki; one, 6 inches, from Kobe; one, 3 inches, from Tsuruga. 

 It stands next to E. akaara in abundance in Japan. 



This species is very close to EpinepTielus mystacinus of the West 

 Indies. 



{septem, seven; fasciatus, banded.) 



22. EPINEPHELUS TSIRIMENARA (Temminck and Schlegel). 

 AKAHATA (red bass) (red flag); TSIRIMENARA (crape bass). 



Serranus tsirimenara Temminck and Schlegel, Faun. Japon., Pise, 1842, p. 7, 

 pi. 4 A, fig. 3 (Japan). — Gunther, Cat. Fishes, 1859, p. 144 (after Bleeker). — 

 Bleeker, Nieuwe Nalez., Japan, 1857, p. 62 (Nagasaki). — Steindachner and 

 DoDERLEiN, Beitr. Japan, vol. 1, 1883, p. 24 (Tokyo, Kochi). — Nystrom, 

 Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl., vol. 13, Afd. 4, No. 4, p. 6 (Nagasaki).— Namiye, 

 Class. Cat., 1881, p. 93 (Tokyo).— Ishikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 56 (Tokyo). 



Serranus marginalis Richardson, Ichth. China, 1846, p. 233 (China, Japan, etc.) 

 (Not S. marginalis of Cuvier and Valenciennes, a closely related species in 

 the East Indiea= Epinephelus fasciatus Forsk&l). 



Epinephelus fasciatus Jordan and Snyder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, 1901, 

 p. 354 (Tokyo). {'^ oi= P erca fasciata Forsk&l, a species of the East Indian 

 fauna.) 



Epinephelus tsirimenara Smith and Pope, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, 190G, 

 p. 468 (Kochi). 



(Coasts of southern Japan; rather common in open waters.) 

 Head 2.4; depth 3.2; eye 5.7 in head, 2.6 in maxillary; dorsal XI, 

 15 or 16; anal III, 8; scales 14-108-38; nose 4.1 in head; maxillary 

 extending well past back of orbit, 2.27 in head, 1.25 in pectoral; 

 interorbital space flattish, scarcely elevated above rim of orbit, 1.16 

 in eye. Dorsal and ventral outlines unsymmetrical; greatest eleva- 

 tion of back in front of first dorsal spine ; profile uneven, the depres- 

 sion over eye marked; snout moderately pointed; lower jaw pro- 

 jecting width of lip. Teeth in sides of lower jaw in two rows; canines 

 in upper jaw stoutish; nostrils subequal; preopercular angle little 

 prominent, furnished with 5 or 6 short serratures; opercular spines 

 equidistant; flap bluntly pointed, directed rather downward; gill- 

 rakers 12 + 3 rudiments. Top of head, cheeks, opercles, and lower 

 jaws covered with very fine scales; maxillary and premaxillary 

 smooth or with extremely fine embedded scales. Dorsal fin origina- 

 ting above base of pectoral; longest dorsal spine 3.25 in head; longest 

 soft ray 1.4 in lengtli of base of fin; caudal rounded, with slightly 

 squarish angles; pectoral 1.75 in head; ventral 2.25. 



Color in life bright rose-red, in spirits straw to light brownish, the 

 head and nape inclined to dusky; an irregular blackish rim encircling 

 lower half of orbit; a short black streak on forward edge of cheek; 

 each side with two longitudinal rows of elongate white blotches (4 or 



