MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 225 



12 per cent, of the stand, and consists of individnal trees scattered 

 here and there. It appears that the pine, in most cases, started in 

 openings made by excessive cnttings in the hardwood stand, and witli 

 suitable soil conditions and plenty of light and growing space, it has 

 been able to hold its own. When the present stand is cut, the pine 

 will probably not appear as any considerable part of tlie succeeding 

 stand because of the greater reproductive power, and more persistent 

 growth of the hardwoods. In general, the hardwood-pine type may, 

 therefore, be regarded as only a temporarj^ one. The representation 

 of species by diameter classes for the t3'pe is shown in an average 

 acre stand in Table I. 



The Stand of Timber and Its Value. 



For the jjurpose of securing an estimate of the standing timber in 

 the county, as well as the composition and character of the present 

 growing stock, the woodlands were mapped and classified in six dif- 

 ferent classes, namely, merchantable hardwoods, merchantable pine, 

 culled hardwoods, hardwood saplings, and pine saplings. The area, 

 stand, and value of saw timber, and pine cordwood for each district, 

 is given in Table V. 



MEKCILVN TABLE ILVRDWOOD. 



It is shown, by the table, that the merchantable hardwood class 

 constitutes but 4 per cent, of the wooded area, but in value of stand, 

 it ranks second. The bulk of it is found in the districts of the eastern 

 section where the soil is of better quality (see map). The merchant- 

 able hardwoods have an estimated stumpage value of $4 per thou- 

 sand board feet, which is higher than for any other class. The higher 

 rate is due to the fact that the timber has been less severely culled 

 and is therefore, of better (piality ; and also because of the heavier 

 stand the logging expenses are less per thousand feet. The repre- 

 sentation of species, by diameter classes for the average acre is indi- 

 cated in Table VI. 



It will be observed, fi'om the table above, that while inferior 

 species, such as dogwood and ironwood, constitute a large per cent, 

 of the stand in point of numbers they are of little commercial impor- 

 tance because they seldom grow above the size of underbrush. The 



