454 PROCEEDINGS OF SECTION E. 



not sufficient knowledge of cartography to reduce liis plans 

 of the harbours to their proper i-elative iH'oportions on a chart 

 of the entire coast. 



The indications for the guidance of mariners which occur 

 at various points of the coast sufficiently attest the hydro- 

 graphic character of the original charts ; and the illustrations 

 are an evident addition of the copyist, and are as charac- 

 teristic of the systematic mediaeval map of the world as the 

 nautical information is characteristic of the pilot's chart. 

 Amongst these nautical indications are " Terre enneguade," 

 submerged land (Desceliers, 1/346) ; " ap quieta," perhaps, a 

 sheltered place {Idem) ; " Roches," rocks, (154b*, 1550) ; 

 " Arenes," sands, (1550) ; " Ansses," coves, (1546). One can 

 only guess at the meaning of some of the inscriptions to the 

 south of " Baye bresill." " B. de gao " may be a corruption 

 of " agoada," watering-place ; " C. de St. drao " of " Cabo 

 do sail padrao " (Harleyan Map), Cape of the Ploly Cross. 

 The last, if such be the interpretation of it, either marks the 

 spot where a Padrao was set up, or is the vulgarisation of the 

 " Caput Sancte Crucis " of the Hychographia and the map 

 of Ruysch — a general rather than a specific appellation, 

 coinciding with the name of the country. Terra Sanctae Crucis. 

 The next noticeable name is that of the deep harbour marked 

 " Hame " or " Havre des Yles," for so I conceive we must 

 read " Hame de Sylla," the copyist converting the words 

 " de las Ylhas" into " de Sylla." Probably the legend " ye 

 de Saiir' is a corruption of 4;he same sort. This harbour of 

 islands corresponds to Rio de Janeiro, a httle to the south of 

 which the coast-line in the Harleyan Map ceases to present 

 any distinct geographical features. On a map of 1550, how- 

 ever, the features are still depicted, and the last to be observed 

 is the " Baye des Rivieres,'' in the position of Rio Grande or 

 Sao Piedro do Sul. 



An acquaintance with these charts of America was not 

 confined to the French school of cartography, for the same 

 outhnes are to be found in a map by Cornells de Jode, 

 entitled Hemispheriu ab aequinoctiali linea ad circulu poll 

 utarctici, published in his Speculum Orbj.s, Antwerp, 1593. 

 De Jode's adaptation differs in several striking particulars 

 from that of the French. The adapted American outlines 

 of De Jode occupy a similar position in his scheme of the 

 globe to the same outlines in the scheme of the Dieppe 

 school. They bear the name Ter. austrtdis incognita. I'here 

 js no dividing strait corresponding to that which divides 



