456 PROCEEDINGS OF SECTION E. 



this map of De Jode was compiled not earlier than 1522, 

 and the facts just mentioned regarding* the opinions of 

 Schoener seem to indicate a German, perhaj)? Schoener 

 himself, as its compositor. An account of Magellan's voyage 

 reduced from Pigafetta's relation to the Emperor was sent 

 by Maximilian of Transylvania to Cardinal Lang, Arch- 

 bishop of Salzburg, then attending the Reichstag in Niirnberg, 

 in November, 1522; and the map or majis from which the 

 one we are considering was derived may have accompanied 

 and illustrated Maximilian's letter, and been handed over 

 to Schoener for his inspection and use. 



In his address, " Inspectori" (1569), Mercator tells us that 

 for the purpose of dehneating with exactitude the various 

 countries, he compared the nautical charts of the Spaniards 

 and Poi"tuguese one with another, and also with most of the 

 printed and manuscript accounts of the voyages. Ortelius 

 acted as collector of materials, Mercator as elaborator, 

 and the former in his travels through the Netherlands, 

 Germany, Italy, and Great Britain, probably procured the 

 charts to which Mercator refers, including those used in 

 his construction of the Terra Australis. Gerard de Jode, 

 the father of Cornells, worked at one time in company Avith 

 Ortelius, and may have had access to his collection, for there 

 was an excellent understanding between the various members 

 of the Antwerp school. It is not so easy to conjecture how 

 the Spanish charts passed into the possession of French 

 cartographers : certainly in a different manner, since they 

 appear in so different a guise. When Pigafetta visited 

 France after his return from the circumnavigation of the 

 globe, Giovanni Vespucci, nephew of Amerigo, held the 

 position of Piloto-Maior, and as such would be custodian of 

 the original charts. He seems to have been lax in his duties, 

 for he is said to have published a map of America in 1524, 

 for which action he was dismissed from ofHce. Further, he 

 inherited all his uncle's charts and papers. From him 

 Pigafetta may have improperly obtained copies of American 

 charts, and conveyed them with him to France. Maximilianus 

 Transylvanus may have done the same, and sent copies to 

 the Cardinal Archbishop of Salzburg. The coasts delineated 

 in the Harleyan Map correspond very closely with the coasts 

 visited by Vespucci in his second and third voyages, but we 

 have adduced reasons for believing that the southern portion, 

 at least, was the work of a less skilled hydrographer than 

 Vespucci. Not a few pilots were employed, first by the 



