ORGANISATION OF INDUSTRY. 495 



and locomotion; speculators, as far as incomes are derived 

 from the products of the year ; the criminal and question- 

 able classes. 



Inasmuch as all the incomes earned in a country, and the 

 means of livelihood of the numerous classes at the circum- 

 ference so derived, have to come from the centre of the circle, 

 it is desirable to ascertain, if possible, the result of any 

 specific or additional production, the measure of its weakh, 

 how far it will benefit and find employment for all classas ; 

 to ascertain what relation, if any, the incomes of the secon- 

 dary workers bear to the incomes of the primary woi'kers oi- 

 producers. This relation has never been considered, so fur 

 as I am aware, by any writer or economist. I find a passage 

 in M'Culloch's introduction to Adam Smith's " Wealth of 

 Nations," in reference to Quesnay, as follows — " The 

 Tableau Econoraique, a formula constructed by Quesnay to 

 exhibit the various phenomena attendant on the production 

 of wealth, and its distribution among the productiv(>, pro- 

 prietary, and unproductive classes, published at Versailles in 

 1758 ; and the novelty and ingenuity of tiie theory which it 

 expounded, its systematic and scientific shape, and the liberal 

 commercial policy which it recommended, speedily obtained 

 for it a high degree of reputation." I find that this work 

 has been lost, or at all events but one or two copies only 

 exist in some European libraries, but it would nor. have 

 exhibited the same result as I am indicationg — his general 

 distribution of the workers (as stated by M'Culloch) being 

 different. But the course which he took in tracing the 

 phenomena attending the distribution of wealth is that which 

 1 am taking now. It is to be regretted that the results of 

 his work, whatever they may be, are not given by any of 

 the modern economists. 



With the classification of the workers indicated by this 

 diagram or circle, it will be found that, whatever may ))e the 

 incomes of the primary workers in a country, that the incomes 

 of the secondary workers will approximately be an equivalent 

 amount ; and I find this is indicated by statistics of every 

 country for which the necessary figures are available. The 

 classification gives the indication of a law which 1 designate 

 " The Law of the Incomes." It is ascertained by taking the 

 figures of primary production at the point of production, 

 that is to say, in this diagram, the value of the stock ujion the 

 stations, the crops upon the farms, the goods in the factories, 

 the minerals at the pit's mouth, &c., before another hand 



