ORGANISATION OF INDUSTRY. 499 



incomes not expended in the country and Mr, Coghlan's 

 estimated amount of savings, I find the amount to correspond 

 with the table of incomes. 



I have been able to verify the result shown by the figures 

 as regards the Colony of New South Wales by the Statistics 

 of a second period. My first calculation was for the year 

 1887, — a year of drought. Mr. Coghlan compiled the second 

 table of incomes for the year 1889. This was a prosperous 

 year, showing an increase of production to the amount of 

 about five millions. Dealing with the figures of income and 

 production given for this year in the same May that I dealt 

 with the other figures, making the necessary deductions for 

 the absentee incomes and loan money reaching the Colony, 

 I find the balances to show incomes double the amount 

 of the production ; that is to say, the incomes of the primary 

 workers having been increased approximately five millions, the 

 incomes of the secondary workers were increased to an 

 equivalent amount. 



There is suflScient in these figures to indicate the operation 

 of a law which is possibly a result of our present civilization. 

 There are approximately the same results or observations 

 in a number of countries representing entirely different 

 conditions. It is not very material if it should be found 

 that there is some divergence from these figures, so long as 

 there is an approximation to the result indicated, — that of 

 equal incomes by the two great classes of workers, or of 

 corresponding incomes being given by the incomes earned 

 in a country in the work of production. The difficulty of 

 procuring exact statistics, variations which must necessarily 

 occur from time to time, or occasional deviations, will not 

 affect the general result. Statistical information is of an 

 approximate character ; but all our data, from the highest 

 calculations, are more or less approximate. 



In proceeding to trace, as far as it could be traced, the 

 operation of this law or result, I find that the proportion of 

 male workers in a country engaged in the work of primary 

 production in the different countries indicates with great 

 precision a close approximation to 50 per cent. For New 

 South Wales for 1887, the year dealt with, the proportion is 

 49 per cent. ; for 1880 it is 50-8. For the Census year 1881 

 it is 49 for New South Wales, 60*1 for Victoria, and for the 

 whole of Australasia it is 49*4. The Census returns of the 

 United States give 56 per cent. ; but these figures must, no 

 doubt, be taken with some modification. Out of 7,500,000 



