ORGANISATION OP INDUSTRY. 507 



of the best and bravest natures — by many able to command 

 all the luxuries and refinements of civilised life. It should 

 be for Government in every country and part of its organisa- 

 tion to provide for these new circles of industry, both in a 

 foreign land and in their own. Such a course of action 

 must be the outcome and ultimate result of civilisation. As 

 it progresses the tendency is for wars to cease. The amounte 

 now expended by the older countries in war material and 

 the maintenance of standing armies would be alone sufficient 

 to establish new settlements, whose requirements must increase 

 the industry of the parent land. Had the English capital 

 which has found its way to the South American Republics, 

 which has fed their workers, constructed their public works, 

 and developed their industries, been invested in English 

 settlements, it would not only have been more secure, but 

 would have placed English trade on a better footing, and 

 have increased England's strength. 



One great cause producing the results stated by Henry 

 George is that numbers too large are for evident reasons 

 found at the most attractive centres seeking to participate in 

 the results of the most developed civilisation. Those results 

 being dependent upon human effort are necessarily circum- 

 scribed by its potentialities, and no matter what those poten- 

 tialities may be, inasmuch as they are not infinite, the claims 

 and demands upon them can be exceeded ; and the greater 

 the conditions of prosperity offered by any country, city, or 

 centre in which there may be the barest possibility to share, 

 the more the pressure of number^ in excess will make itself 

 felt, in the absence of restraining influences. Herbert 

 Spencer remarks that " Socially, as well as individually, 

 organisation is indispensable to growth ; beyond a certain 

 point there can be no further growth without further 

 organisation." Thei'e is no remedy — in the very nature of 

 things there never can be a remedy — unless by means of 

 some organisation or control, which our civilisation has not 

 yet reached, and of which our systems have not yet recog- 

 nised the necessity, restraint can be imposed upon the undue 

 pressure of numbers at any given point ; unless there could 

 be an organisation which, whilst leaving freedom of action 

 as to general employment, and not interfering with the just 

 rewards which sliould appertain to the most successful efforts 

 of intelligence and skill, should nevertheless close avenues of 

 employment overcrowded with workers to both employers 

 and employed, so as to avoid waste of labour and capital, and 



