518 PROCEEDINGS OF SECTION F. 



numbers ; and I contend that one object of government, 

 which has not hitherto been recognised, should be to take 

 such means as individual effort cannot accomplish to promote 

 to the fullest extent the progress of pr(jduction in a country, 

 and prevent waste in the application of labour and capital. 



By reference to a circle of industry, I endeavour to reahse 

 fully the evident truth that if there should be an influx into 

 such circle of workers in excess without increase of suitable 

 production, or influx of additional capital beyond require- 

 ments in any particular industry, that the evils and dangers 

 which attend civilisation in the older countries must exist. 



I have taken the view that the natural, the only, and the 

 necessary means to provide for surplus numbers is to be 

 found in new circles of industry, either under co-operative 

 conditions within the larger circle, or by transfer to other 

 existing circles, such as the Australian circle of industry, or 

 in new circles in a foreign land, where men and women may 

 become the pioneers of civilisation ; and I contend that it 

 must be for the government of every country and part of its 

 organisation to provide those means. 



I have pointed to the numbers in excess who throng the 

 most attractive centres, seeking to participate in the result of 

 the most developed civilisation, and I have put forward for 

 consideration what must, I conceive, he recognised as a 

 fundamental truth, indicated by Herbert Spencer, that 

 " socially, as well as individually, organisation is indispensable 

 to growth, and that beyond a certain point there cannot be 

 further growth without further organisation." I contend that 

 there is no remedy — that in the very nature of things there 

 never can be a remedy — unless there should be some organ- 

 isation or control which our systems have not yet recognised. 

 I contend that an attempt should be made to initiate an 

 organisation to meet the requirements indicated in Australia, 

 so that it may develop with the growth of large industries 

 not yet commenced, or in the infancy of progress. I pro- 

 pose such organisation by means of industrial licenses to the 

 workers, and also to the owners of capital, so that the con- 

 cession or monopoly for a time may secure its employment 

 on the continent, and so as to impose the condition of the 

 profit-sharing system on a regular and systematic basis, and 

 by such means to increase production and terminate the 

 unhappy conflicts between employers and employed. 



And to carry out these objects I advocate the establish- 

 ment in every country of a Department of Industry under 



