SEWERAGE OF A SEASIDE TOWN. 773 



farm is g-aiiipd by a yearly expenditure of more than a 

 pound eitiier in labour or in interest upon capital expended. 

 All that can be claimed is, that when the sewage is deJivered 

 on a farm it can ]je disposed of in a satisfactory manner 

 that will not be costly, provided that the farm be well 

 managed, and that the effluent water can be discharged into 

 the sea. At present it has never paid for the cost of taking 

 the sewage upon the farm. 



To resume : it is necessary for, or commonly incidental to, 

 a system for the disposal of the sewage of a seaside or tidal 

 river-side town by filtration over or through land to provide 

 for the following economical details, not only for the present, 

 but for a future also : — 



1st. To secure a suitable farm of sufficient area at a 

 distance from population. 



2nd, To construct a long outfall sewer. 



3rd. To pump all or the greater part of the sewage. 



4th. To give the outfall sewer a flat gradient, and con- 

 sequentially to make it a large one, and 

 probably a deep one, in order to reduce the cost 

 of this pumping- by lessening, as far as practicable, 

 the height of the lift. 



And to face the following sanitary difficulties, which are the 



results of the above-named details : — 



5th. The difficulty of keeping the sewers clean ; and 

 6th. The difficulty of ventilating the sewers. 



Of course, the resolution of these difficulties is an economic 

 detail also. And 1 have pointed out that these details and 

 difficulties affect the main collecting sewers as well as the 

 main outfall sewer. 



Before I go further, I should now call your attention to a 

 matter connected with the sanitation of all towns — seaside 

 and inland — and that is, the disposal of its dry refuse, whether 

 collected from streets or houses ; for this is a matter that 

 has special relation to the 3rd of the economical details above 

 alluded to — the pumping of the sewage. Wherever I have 

 been in Great Britain I have found that where the street and 

 house refuse have been burnt in properly constructed furnaces, 

 their combustion, without that of any other fuel, has yielded 

 sufficient heat to generate all the steam that would be 

 required to pump, part at least, of the sewage of the town to 

 the limited height that would probably be necessary. This, 

 of course, is an importjint consideration in connexion with 



