DETAIL SURVEYS. 883 



country, may be said to exhaust the advantages of a break of 

 gauge, yet these are of sufficient importance to far outweigh 

 the disadvantages accruing,and which, summed up, amounts to 

 a somewhat reduced rate of speed, some delay in the delivery 

 of goods and mineral traffic, and to a somewhat inei-eased 

 cost in transhipment — fatal, no doubt, in countries already 

 largely develoj)ed — but as regards speed in such a country as 

 Tasmania, the travelling public have necessarily been already 

 educated up to a very moderate rate, which they may be 

 assured can never be much increased; while as regards delays 

 to goods traffic consequent upon transhipment and the 

 expense attending it, I think the utmost has not been done 

 towards removing these difficulties. I have given some little 

 thought to this subject lately, and whilst having some delicacy 

 in even hinting a theory, because in all railway matters no 

 theory without experiment is of much value, it may just be 

 said that it has reference to the accommodation of the gauges 

 on the frame of tiie trucks, the transhipment to be done 

 entirely by the locomotive, whicli would be effected by a very 

 slight increase to the ordinary labour at stations or junctions. 

 Where traffic is light, and speed not a very im[)ortant 

 matter, the main objection to a break in gauge sinks into 

 insignificance when the question practically is narrow gauge 

 at small cost or no railway extension at all ; and where there 

 is no progress there must necessarily be decay. 



4.— THE BENEFITS DERIVED FROM, AND METHOD 



OF CARRYING OUT DETAIL SURVEYS OF 



CITIES AND TOWNS. 



By D. M. MAITLAND, Prf.fident of the Institution of Surveyoni, 

 Nrw South Wnlea. 



(Plan.) 



By the term City Detail Survey is understood a survey made 

 in the most careful manner jDOssible, fixing on one compre- 

 hensive scheme the existing positions of all buildings, walls, 

 fences, kerbings, survey marks, natural features, &c. that 

 are within the area to be surveyed. Its primary use is in 

 connection with, and anticipatory of engineering works for 

 sewerage and water supply systems, but it also enables the 

 registration of land titles to be simplified and perfected. It is 

 of the greatest possible use for municipal taxation jnirposes, 

 and is invaluable in various engineering works besides those 



