BOTANY. 2 1 



predominating forms are not only coniferous evergreens, but consist 

 mainly of Spruce, Hemlock, and Balsam — all representatives of the 

 genus . Ihics. Tall Pines, at intervals, rear their lofty summits above 

 the level ot surrounding tree-tops, fragrant Cedars overhang the lake- 

 shores and swamps, delicate Tamaracks wave over the soft grassy 

 bottoms of Beaver meadows, dense thickets of tangled Alders border 

 many of the streams and rivers, hardy Birches and light Poplars are 

 scattered sparingly upon the mountain-sides and in the valleys, and 

 areas of hard timber, indicating second growth, mark tracts that have 

 been bared by fire, wind, or the woodman's axe. These hardwood 

 areas are readily distinguished, at a distance, by the marked contrast 

 afforded b)- the light color and different aspect of the foliage, in sum- 

 mer, and by their nakedness in winter. The)' are composed, chiefly, 

 of Maple, Beech, and P)irch. 



The common forest trees of the Adirondacks are : the American 

 Linden or Bass Wood [Til ia Americana), Sugar Maple [Acer sac- 

 charimini). Black Sugar Maple {A. saccliaritinni nigrum). Red or 

 Swamp Maple [A. rnbrum). Black Cherry [Prnniis scro/ina). Beech, 

 [Fagjis fcrrnginca). Iron Wood [Ostrya Virgiuica), Cherry P)irch 

 [Bctiila lento). Yellow Birch (/j. lutea). Paper or Canoe Birch [B. pa- 

 pyracea), American Aspen i^Popnlus tremuloides). Large-toothed As- 

 pen iyF\ granilidentata). White Pine {Finns sfrobns). Red or " Nor- 

 way" Pine [P. resinosa — common only in certain localities, not gen- 

 erally distributed). Black Spruce {Alies nigra), White Spruce (.-/. 

 alia). Hemlock (A. Canadensis), Balsam Fir (.-7. balsamea), Tamarack 

 or V^Sirch. {Larix Americana), White Cedar or Arbor Vita; {Thuja 

 occidentalis). Besides these occur the following, which are rare, or 

 are common only along the borders of the region: Locust {Robinia 

 pseudacacia). White Ash {Fraxinus ^ Intericana), Black Ash {F. sam- 

 bueipolia). Elm [Ulmus Americana), Slippery Elm {L'. fuha). Butter- 

 nut {yuglans cinerea). Swamp Hickory [Caiya amara), three or more 

 Oaks (Ouercus), Balsam Poplar or Tacamahac {/'opulus balsami/era). 

 Pitch Pine [Finns rigida), and Juniper {yunipcrns 1 irginiana). 



