FAUNAL POSITION. 2 5 



Warblers; Whitc-win^cd and Red Crossbills, White- throated Sparrow, 

 Junco, Rusty lijackbird, Raven, Canada Ja)', Olive sided ld}catcher, 

 Black-backed and Handed-backed Three-toed Woodpeckers, Spruce 

 Grouse, Goshawk, and Golden-eyed Duck. In addition to the al)ove 

 it is not improbable that the Hudsonian 'Ht and one (or both) of the 

 Kinglets will be found nestintj here. 



Mention of the characteristic Reptiles, I)atrachians, and l'"ishes is 

 deferred, and will be made in the chapters pertaining to these groups. 



Following is a list of " Subarctic " species of Lepidoptera collected 

 in the immediate vicinity of Beaver Lake (also called " Fenton's," and 

 " Number 4") in Lewis County, by Mr. Hill, and identified by Prof. 

 J. A. Lintner, late State Fntomologist : jlqi-oHs Cliardinyi, A. con- 

 Jhia, ^ !. asiiiiia, Plusia biniacalata, P. it-aiivciini, Thaiiniouoiiia hnm- 

 ncata, Alclaiiippc Iiaslata, i\l. Jliuiiiata, Coi'cii/ia fcvruc;aria, Cidaria 

 Packardata, C. alboliiicata, C. cuuigcrata, C. hcrsiliata, C. tiiincata, 

 Sparganiia viagiioliata, Oporabia caiubricaria, and Larcutia acsiata. 

 These were all found in a single locality, and therefore probabl)- con- 

 stitute but a small proportion of the northern Lepidoptera that occur 

 in the Adirondacks. 



Floral limitations are by no means so clearly defined as the: boun- 

 daries of Faunal areas, and for the reason that plants are much more 

 easily than animals affected by minor jihysiographical conditions. 

 They are more susceptible to the infiuences of local topographical and 

 climatic conditions, such as altitude, humidity, etc., and are also 

 affected by the nature of the soil, and by association with one another. 

 This is seen in the influence which certain kinds of forests exert in 

 determining the character of the more humble plants that grow in 

 their shade. For example, it is well known that the destruction of 

 an evergreen coniferous forest is commonl)- tollowed, in the course of 

 nature, by a growth ot hard timber — ma[)le, beech, and birch (all decid- 

 uous trees) usually predominating. Coincident with this change of 

 forest is an equally radical change in the kinds of small plants that 

 spring up underneath. 



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