Grizzly Bear i o i 



certain extent from this typical form, and has been separated as a distinct 

 race under the name of U. horribilis alascensis^\ and the same is the case 

 with the one inhabiting the Sonoran district of Mexico and the adjacent 

 territories, which has been called U. horribilis horriaiis. 



Here, however, a difficulty presents itself The grizzly and the 

 South Alaskan bears are regarded by American zoologists as distinct 

 species ; and on this view they may be divided into local races distin- 

 guishable by the addition of a third name. When, however, the two 

 former are regarded merely as local races of the brown bear, a subdivision 

 of the grizzlies, if uniformity is to be maintained, can only be made by 

 using tour names, as, for example, Ursiis arctus horribilis alasccnsis. Such 

 complicated nomenclature is, however, not yet admitted in zoology, and 

 the three modifications of the grizzly type are consequently here regarded as 

 belonging to a single somewhat variable race. 



In this sense the range of the grizzly bear extends from Norton Sound, 

 Alaska, through the Rocky Mountains into Arizona, California, and 

 Northern Mexico. Except in the Hudson Bay district, brown bears are 

 unknown to the eastward of the Rockies. This may probably be taken 

 to indicate that all of them were originally emigrants from Asia by way 

 of what is now Bering Strait and Alaska. The wapiti, the elk, and the 

 bison doubtless entered America by the same route, but have succeeded in 

 penetrating farther eastward, possibly on account of having reached the 

 Western Hemisphere at an earlier epoch. 



The true grizzly is a smaller animal than either of the preceding 

 American races, with the front claws longer, straighter, and lighter- 

 coloured. On the shoulders the hair is so elongated as to give almost the 

 appearance of a hump, whence these bears are frequently termed " roach- 

 backs." The skull is relatively long, with the temporal impressions in the 



' Mcrriam, Proceedings Biologic cd Society, Vf'iuhington, vol. x. p. 74 (1896) ; and Osgood, N . American 

 Fiimui, No. 19, p. 41 (1900). 



