154 Game of Europe, W. & N. Asia & America 



base to tip the horns, which are black in colour, are marked by fine 

 parallel transverse strict, and at certain intervals by more conspicuous lines 

 indicative of the limits of the annual growths. The longest pair of horns 

 of this race measure 55 inches along the front curve, with an interval of 

 24 inches between the tips. The basal circumference of this pair, which 

 is the property of Mr. Carl Hagenbeck of Hamburg, is not known. In 

 a pair of 46^ inches in length the girth is, however, S^ inches; but the 

 latter dimension is considerably exceeded in several specimens whose 

 length is much less. The horns of the does are short and less compressed 

 than those of the bucks, without knobs. 



Owing to variations due to season, age, and sex, it is by no means easy 

 to give a description of the colour of the Persian wild goat which will 

 be applicable in all cases. Speaking generally, it may be said that the 

 ground-colour of the coat is reddish brown in summer, and brownish grey 

 in winter, at which season a woolly under-tur is developed. Old males, 

 however, especially towards the latter part of the winter, tend, as 

 mentioned above, to become paler ; and in some instances they show a 

 distinct whitish patch on the shoulders and another on the hind-quarters, 

 and thus approach the Sind race of the species, described in the Grciit and 

 Sum// Game of Im/ia, etc. Some variation occurs in the distribution of the 

 blackish brown or black markings by which the ground-colour of the coat 

 is relieved in the old and sub-adult rams, but they include the whole of 

 the face, a broad streak running from the nape down the middle of the 

 neck and back, the whole of the tail, a collar on the neck which expands 

 inferiorly to form a breastplate, the throat, the chin, the beard, the front 

 surface of the legs, except at the knees, and a stripe along the thanks which 

 is continued down the front of each thi2;h. The beard and face are the 

 darkest of all, and may be nearly black. White or whitish occupies the 

 under-parts, the inner surfaces of the buttocks and thighs, the knees and 

 hocks, and the inner and hinder sides of the legs below them. About 



