322 Game of Europe, W. & N. Asia & America 



outwards as two regular cones in a manner quite different from the condition 

 presented by the same appendages in cither oxen or sheep. 



The photograph on page 317 was taken in April 1901, when the sur- 

 vivor of the pair, according to the above reckoning, must have been about 

 two years of age. The horns, although strongly curved, are still entirely 

 confined to the sides of the head, and show no indications of that great 

 basal flattening and expansion on the forehead which affords one of 

 the most striking and characteristic features of the adult bull. This 

 indicates that the feature in question is not acquired till comparatively 

 late in life. 



In describing the growth of the horns of the Canadian race Sir John 

 Richardson wrote as follows : — 



"The horn-cores have a purely lateral origin, and do not rise at all 

 above the facial line, but, springing from an almost cylindrical root 

 immediately behind the orbits, stand out laterally with a moderate inclina- 

 tion basilad and antiniad, their axis forming with the mesial plane of the 

 cranium an angle of 62°. These cores are moreover, in themselves, 

 concave on their facial or coronal aspect, by which they receive a uniform 

 upward curve in the direction of their length, in addition to their general 

 direction of outwards, basilad, and forwards. The tips of the cores in this 

 yearling extend firther from the sides of the skull laterally than any part of 

 the massy core or its sheath in the four-year-old animal." 



In the second of the two papers above referred to Dr. Lonnberg 

 contributes some very interesting observations with regard to the growth of 

 musk-ox horns. 



" I think," he writes, " that the horns are chiefly enlarged during that 

 time of the year when the animals are able to procure food in sufficient 

 quantities not only to sustain life, but also to add to their bulk. Theoretic- 

 ally such an assumption does not seem too hazardous considering the 

 circumstances under which these animals live. But the probability of this 



