Greenland Musk-Ox 325 



no form of musk-ox at present exists, leaving the ranges of the two forms 

 well separated. When musk-oxen ranged far to the southward of their 

 present limits, they doubtless had a continuous distribution over a large 

 part of northern North America, and have become differentiated in 

 comparativelv recent times through separation in their gradual retreat 

 northward. 



" The known range of O. ivard'i extends from the southern border 

 of Ellesmere Land northward through Grinnell Land to the Polar Sea, 

 and on the Greenland coast, either living or recently extinct, from about 

 latitude 78 on the western side northward to and around the northern 

 end of Greenland to about latitude 75 N. on the east coast." 



The two calves from Clavering Island purchased in 1899 by the Duke 

 of Bedford were first brought to Tromsoe by a Norwegian vessel. And 

 from about that time there has been a considerable amount of literature 

 published concerning the importation of musk-oxen into Europe, on the 

 possibilitv of acclimatising them there, and on hunting them in their native 

 country. Dr. A. J. Nathorst, tor instance, published in 1899 in a Swedish 

 sporting journal an illustrated account of his own experiences of musk-ox 

 hunting ; and Dr. W. Kobelt is responsible for a general historv of the 

 animal which appeared in the Berichte of the Senckenberg Societv for 

 1900,^ accompanied by a plate. And in the same year Dr. F. Alewius 

 contributed to the Zoologische Garten- a paper entitled "Zur Akklimatisation 

 des Moschusochsen." 



\w regard to two young specimens imported into Sweden Dr. Lcinnberg 

 has kindly furnished the following information : — 



"The calves are quite tame. The bull is, however, said to butt if 

 anybody runs away from him and appears to be frightened ; but this is 

 probably only play. They have splendid fur coats, and the wool of the 

 winter dress, which the animals were beginning to shed in the early 



' Ber. Senckenberg Geselschaft, 1900, pp. 61-66. -' Vol. xli. pp. ^s2-ii4- 



