HIP-JOINT. 287 
(2) The pubo-femoral or pubo-capsular ligament (lig. pubo-femorale v. pubo- 
capsulare, Fig. 222) is composed of some bands of fibres of no great strength, 
which extend from 
the outer end of the 
horizontal ramus of 
the pubis, the ilio- 
pectineal eminence, ht eee pA 
the obturator crest 
and the obturator 
membrane, to lose 
themselves for the 
most part in the cap- 
sule, although a cer- 
tain proportion of 
them may be traced 
Peal Fi 
‘ 
Cotyloid ligament 
Head of femur 
to the inferior aspect 
of the femoral neck, 2. } ube-fentorall 
where they adjoin 32 ben 
thelowerattachment 25 
of the Y-shaped liga- £2 
ment. ae 
(5) The ischio-cap- 27 
sular ligament (lig. 2 
ischio-capsulare, Fig. 
220) consists of a 
broad band of short, 
fairly strong longi- 
tudinal fibres, which, 
by their upper ends, 
are attached to the Fic. 222,—DIssECTION OF THE Hip-JOINT FROM THE FRONT. 
ischium between the 
small sciatic notch and the obturator foramen, while their lower ends become 
merged in the zona orbicularis of the general capsule. 
Within the capsule, and quite distinct from it, there are the hgamentum teres 
and the Haversian gland. 
The interarticular ligament (lig. teres femoris, Fig. 221) is a strong, somewhat 
flattened band of fibrous tissue, attached by one end to the upper half of the pit 
or depression on the head of the femur. By its inner end it is attached to the 
’ lower edge of the articular surface of the transverse hgament, with extensions to 
the opposite borders of the acetabular notch, but chiefly to the hinder or ischial 
border. This ligament varies very greatly in its strength and development in 
different subjects, and in certain rare cases it 1s absent. 
The so-called Haversian gland occupies the bottom or non-articular area of the 
acetabulum. It consists of a mass of fat covered by synovial membrane. This 
pad of fat is continuous with the extra-capsular fat through the passage subjacent 
to the transverse ligament of the notch. 
A synovial membrane lines the capsule from which it is reflected to the neck of 
the femur along a line which corresponds to the femoral attachments of the 
eapsule. Thus the synovial membrane clothes more of the femoral neck anteriorly 
than in any other position. Posteriorly, where the capsule is feebly attached to 
the neck of the femur, the synovial membrane may be seen from the outside of 
the capsule. The synovial membrane extends close up to the articular margin of 
the head of the femur, and on the upper and lower aspects of the neck it is 
gathered into loose folds upon the retinacula. These folds or plications are best 
marked along the line of synovial reflection, and do not reach as far as the 
femoral head. At its acetabular end the synovial membrane is prolonged from 
the inside of the capsule to the outer non-articular surface of the cotyloid and 
transverse ligaments, upon which it is continued as a lining for their acetabular or 
articular surfaces, and further, it provides a covering for the fat at the bottom 
Obturator membrane 
Pubo-capsular ligament 
